{"id":36436,"date":"2026-04-03T04:00:25","date_gmt":"2026-04-02T22:30:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/?p=36436"},"modified":"2026-04-03T15:12:37","modified_gmt":"2026-04-03T09:42:37","slug":"renal-pathology-mcq","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/03\/renal-pathology-mcq\/","title":{"rendered":"Renal Pathology MCQ"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"atsixty-rp-quiz\">\n<style>\n#atsixty-rp-quiz {\n  --terra: #C0603A;\n  --terra-light: #d4795a;\n  --terra-pale: #fdf3ef;\n  --teal: #2A7A6F;\n  --teal-light: #3a9688;\n  --teal-pale: #eef6f5;\n  --ink: #1e1e1e;\n  --muted: #6b6b6b;\n  --rule: #e2d8d4;\n  --correct-bg: #e8f5e9;\n  --correct-border: #43a047;\n  --wrong-bg: #fdecea;\n  --wrong-border: #e53935;\n  --white: #fff;\n  --shadow: 0 2px 16px rgba(192,96,58,0.08);\n  font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;\n  color: var(--ink);\n  margin: 1rem 0 2rem;\n}\n#atsixty-rp-quiz * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }\n\n\/* Shell: NO overflow:hidden \u2014 sentinel must reach IntersectionObserver *\/\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .quiz-shell {\n  background: #f7f2ee;\n  border: 1px solid #eee3dd;\n  border-radius: 12px;\n}\n\n\/* Sentinel *\/\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .quiz-sentinel { height: 1px; }\n\n\/* Fixed status bar *\/\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .status-bar {\n  position: fixed;\n  top: 0; left: 0; right: 0;\n  z-index: 99999;\n  background: var(--white);\n  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--rule);\n  border-left: 4px solid var(--terra);\n  box-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.11);\n  opacity: 0;\n  pointer-events: none;\n  transform: translateY(-110%);\n  transition: opacity 0.22s ease, transform 0.22s ease;\n}\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .status-bar.visible {\n  opacity: 1;\n  pointer-events: auto;\n  transform: translateY(0);\n}\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .progress-wrap { background: #e0d8d4; height: 5px; }\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .progress-bar {\n  height: 100%;\n  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--terra), var(--teal));\n  width: 0%;\n  transition: width 0.4s ease;\n}\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .stats {\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n  padding: 0.4rem 0.85rem;\n  font-size: 0.72rem;\n  color: var(--muted);\n  flex-wrap: nowrap;\n  overflow-x: auto;\n}\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .stat-item {\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n  gap: 0.22rem;\n  padding: 0.1rem 0.55rem;\n  border-right: 1px solid var(--rule);\n  white-space: nowrap;\n  line-height: 1;\n}\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .stat-item:last-child { border-right: none; }\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .dot {\n  width: 7px; height: 7px;\n  border-radius: 50%;\n  display: inline-block;\n  flex-shrink: 0;\n}\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .dot-correct { background: var(--correct-border); }\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .dot-wrong   { background: var(--wrong-border); }\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .dot-rem     { background: #aaa; }\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .dot-net     { background: var(--terra); }\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .stats strong { color: var(--ink); font-size: 0.82rem; font-weight: 700; }\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .sep { flex: 1; min-width: 0.3rem; }\n\n\/* Quiz body *\/\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .quiz-main {\n  padding: 0.75rem 0.65rem 2.5rem;\n  max-width: 700px;\n  margin: 0 auto;\n}\n\n\/* Cards *\/\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .q-card {\n  background: var(--white);\n  border-radius: 8px;\n  box-shadow: var(--shadow);\n  margin-bottom: 0.95rem;\n  overflow: hidden;\n  border: 1px solid var(--rule);\n  transition: box-shadow 0.2s;\n}\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .q-card:hover { box-shadow: 0 4px 24px rgba(192,96,58,0.13); }\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .q-head {\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: flex-start;\n  gap: 0.55rem;\n  padding: 0.72rem 0.75rem 0.6rem;\n  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);\n}\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .q-num {\n  flex-shrink: 0;\n  width: 24px; height: 24px;\n  border-radius: 50%;\n  background: var(--terra);\n  color: #fff;\n  font-size: 0.72rem;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n  justify-content: center;\n}\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .q-num.answered-c { background: var(--correct-border); }\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .q-num.answered-w { background: var(--wrong-border); }\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .q-text { font-size: 0.89rem; line-height: 1.58; color: var(--ink); }\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .q-text em { font-style: italic; color: var(--teal); }\n\n\/* Options *\/\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .options { padding: 0.35rem 0.6rem 0.6rem; }\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .opt {\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: flex-start;\n  gap: 0.5rem;\n  padding: 0.46rem 0.6rem;\n  margin: 0.28rem 0;\n  border-radius: 6px;\n  border: 1.5px solid var(--rule);\n  cursor: pointer;\n  font-size: 0.84rem;\n  line-height: 1.42;\n  color: var(--ink);\n  background: #fdfdfd;\n  transition: border-color 0.15s, background 0.15s;\n  -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\n}\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .opt:hover { border-color: var(--terra-light); background: var(--terra-pale); }\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .opt-letter {\n  flex-shrink: 0;\n  width: 20px; height: 20px;\n  border-radius: 50%;\n  border: 1.5px solid var(--rule);\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n  justify-content: center;\n  font-size: 0.65rem;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  color: var(--muted);\n  transition: all 0.15s;\n  margin-top: 1px;\n}\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .opt.correct { background: var(--correct-bg); border-color: var(--correct-border); cursor: default; }\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .opt.correct .opt-letter { background: var(--correct-border); border-color: var(--correct-border); color: #fff; }\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .opt.wrong   { background: var(--wrong-bg);   border-color: var(--wrong-border);   cursor: default; }\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .opt.wrong .opt-letter   { background: var(--wrong-border);   border-color: var(--wrong-border);   color: #fff; }\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .opt.dimmed  { opacity: 0.45; cursor: default; }\n\n\/* Explanation \u2014 label and difficulty\/concept tags on same line *\/\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .explanation {\n  display: none;\n  background: var(--teal-pale);\n  border-top: 1px solid #b2d8d3;\n  padding: 0.65rem 0.75rem;\n  font-size: 0.8rem;\n  line-height: 1.6;\n  color: #1a4f49;\n}\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .explanation.show { display: block; animation: rpFadeIn 0.25s ease; }\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .exp-label {\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n  gap: 0.45rem;\n  font-size: 0.72rem;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  letter-spacing: 0.08em;\n  text-transform: uppercase;\n  color: var(--teal);\n  margin-bottom: 0.3rem;\n}\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .diff {\n  font-size: 0.6rem;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  letter-spacing: 0.07em;\n  text-transform: uppercase;\n  padding: 0.1rem 0.4rem;\n  border-radius: 3px;\n  line-height: 1.5;\n}\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .diff-easy   { background: #e8f5e9; color: #2e7d32; }\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .diff-medium { background: #fff8e1; color: #e65100; }\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .diff-hard   { background: #fdecea; color: #c62828; }\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .tag-concept {\n  font-size: 0.6rem;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  letter-spacing: 0.07em;\n  text-transform: uppercase;\n  padding: 0.1rem 0.4rem;\n  border-radius: 3px;\n  line-height: 1.5;\n  background: #e8eaf6;\n  color: #3949ab;\n}\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .explanation strong { color: var(--teal); }\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .explanation em { font-style: italic; }\n\n\/* Score panel *\/\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .score-panel {\n  display: none;\n  background: var(--white);\n  border-radius: 10px;\n  border: 2px solid var(--terra);\n  box-shadow: var(--shadow);\n  padding: 1.5rem 1.2rem;\n  margin: 1rem 0 1.2rem;\n  text-align: center;\n}\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .score-panel h2 { font-size: 1.4rem; color: var(--ink); margin-bottom: 0.3rem; }\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .score-num  { font-size: 3rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--terra); line-height: 1.1; }\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .score-denom { font-size: 1.05rem; color: var(--muted); margin-bottom: 0.4rem; }\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .grade-bar  { height: 8px; border-radius: 4px; background: #eee; overflow: hidden; margin: 0.5rem auto 1rem; max-width: 260px; }\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .grade-fill { height: 100%; border-radius: 4px; background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--terra), var(--teal)); transition: width 0.8s ease; }\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .score-breakdown { display: flex; justify-content: center; gap: 1rem; margin-bottom: 0.6rem; font-size: 0.78rem; color: var(--muted); text-align: center; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .score-breakdown span { line-height: 1.5; }\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .score-breakdown span strong { display: block; font-size: 1.1rem; color: var(--ink); }\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .score-breakdown small { font-size: 0.7rem; color: var(--terra); }\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .score-formula { font-size: 0.78rem; color: var(--muted); background: #fdf3ef; border-radius: 6px; padding: 0.45rem 0.8rem; margin: 0.5rem auto 0.8rem; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.6; }\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .score-formula strong { color: var(--terra); }\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .score-msg { font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--muted); margin-bottom: 1rem; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.6; }\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .btn-retry { background: var(--terra); color: #fff; border: none; padding: 0.6rem 1.6rem; border-radius: 6px; font-size: 0.9rem; cursor: pointer; transition: background 0.2s; }\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .btn-retry:hover { background: var(--terra-light); }\n\n\/* Floating submit *\/\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .submit-btn {\n  position: fixed;\n  bottom: 1.2rem; left: 50%;\n  transform: translateX(-50%);\n  background: var(--teal);\n  color: #fff;\n  border: none;\n  padding: 0.75rem 2.2rem;\n  border-radius: 50px;\n  font-size: 0.95rem;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  cursor: pointer;\n  box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(42,122,111,0.35);\n  display: none;\n  z-index: 200;\n  transition: background 0.2s;\n}\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .submit-btn:hover { background: var(--teal-light); }\n#atsixty-rp-quiz .submit-btn.visible { display: block; animation: rpSlideUp 0.3s ease; }\n\n@keyframes rpFadeIn  { from { opacity:0; transform:translateY(-4px); } to { opacity:1; transform:translateY(0); } }\n@keyframes rpSlideUp { from { opacity:0; transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(12px); } to { opacity:1; transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(0); } }\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"quiz-shell\">\n  <div class=\"quiz-sentinel\" id=\"rp-sentinel\"><\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"status-bar\" id=\"rp-status-bar\">\n    <div class=\"progress-wrap\"><div class=\"progress-bar\" id=\"rp-progress\"><\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"stats\">\n      <div class=\"stat-item\"><span class=\"dot dot-correct\"><\/span> \u2713 <strong id=\"rp-sc\">0<\/strong><\/div>\n      <div class=\"stat-item\"><span class=\"dot dot-wrong\"><\/span> \u2717 <strong id=\"rp-sw\">0<\/strong><\/div>\n      <div class=\"stat-item\"><span class=\"dot dot-rem\"><\/span> Left <strong id=\"rp-sr\">15<\/strong><\/div>\n      <div class=\"sep\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"stat-item\"><span class=\"dot dot-net\"><\/span> Net <strong id=\"rp-sn\">0<\/strong><\/div>\n      <div class=\"stat-item\">Max <strong id=\"rp-sm\">60<\/strong><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"quiz-main\">\n    <div id=\"rp-container\"><\/div>\n    <button class=\"submit-btn\" id=\"rp-submit\">View Score \u2192<\/button>\n    <div class=\"score-panel\" id=\"rp-score\"><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<script>\n(function () {\n\n  const Q = {\n    container : document.getElementById('rp-container'),\n    submit    : document.getElementById('rp-submit'),\n    score     : document.getElementById('rp-score'),\n    progress  : document.getElementById('rp-progress'),\n    sc: document.getElementById('rp-sc'),\n    sw: document.getElementById('rp-sw'),\n    sr: document.getElementById('rp-sr'),\n    sn: document.getElementById('rp-sn'),\n    sm: document.getElementById('rp-sm')\n  };\n\n  const BANK = [\n    {\n      q: \"The glomerular filtration barrier consists of three layers. Which component is primarily responsible for the charge-selective property of the barrier, repelling anionic proteins like albumin?\",\n      correctAnswer: \"Glomerular basement membrane (GBM) with its heparan sulphate proteoglycans\",\n      opts: [\n        \"Fenestrated endothelium \u2014 large pores allow free passage of all plasma proteins\",\n        \"Podocyte foot processes \u2014 their mechanical interdigitation prevents all protein passage\",\n        \"Glomerular basement membrane (GBM) with its heparan sulphate proteoglycans\",\n        \"Mesangial cells \u2014 their contractile function regulates filtration surface area only\"\n      ],\n      exp: \"<strong>Key concept: Glomerular filtration barrier.<\/strong> The barrier has three layers: fenestrated endothelium (size + charge), GBM (charge \u2014 rich in <em>heparan sulphate<\/em> proteoglycans which are anionic \u2192 repel albumin), and podocyte foot processes with slit diaphragms (size). Loss of heparan sulphate (e.g. in minimal change disease \u2014 fusion of foot processes) \u2192 selective proteinuria (albumin lost). GBM thickening + loss of charge \u2192 non-selective proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy.\",\n      difficulty: \"medium\"\n    },\n    {\n      q: \"Which of the following combinations correctly defines the <em>nephrotic syndrome<\/em>?\",\n      correctAnswer: \"Proteinuria >3.5 g\/day, hypoalbuminaemia, generalised oedema, hyperlipidaemia, lipiduria\",\n      opts: [\n        \"Proteinuria >3.5 g\/day, hypoalbuminaemia, generalised oedema, hyperlipidaemia, lipiduria\",\n        \"Haematuria, red cell casts, hypertension, oliguria, mild proteinuria\",\n        \"Proteinuria >3.5 g\/day, haematuria, red cell casts, and rapidly rising creatinine\",\n        \"Polyuria, polydipsia, isosthenuria, and renal tubular acidosis\"\n      ],\n      exp: \"<strong>Key concept: Nephrotic vs nephritic.<\/strong> <strong>Nephrotic<\/strong>: massive proteinuria (podocyte\/GBM injury) \u2192 hypoalbuminaemia \u2192 oedema + hyperlipidaemia (liver overproduces lipoproteins) + lipiduria (oval fat bodies, Maltese cross on polarised light). <strong>Nephritic<\/strong>: haematuria, red cell casts (glomerular inflammation \u2192 RBCs enter tubules), hypertension, oliguria, mild proteinuria \u2014 reflects inflammatory\/proliferative GN. Some diseases overlap (e.g. membranoproliferative GN).\",\n      difficulty: \"easy\",\n      concept: \"Nephrotic Syndrome\"\n    },\n    {\n      q: \"Crescents in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) are formed by proliferation of:\",\n      correctAnswer: \"Parietal epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule and infiltrating monocytes\/macrophages\",\n      opts: [\n        \"Mesangial cells expanding into the urinary space\",\n        \"Podocytes detaching from the GBM and proliferating\",\n        \"Parietal epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule and infiltrating monocytes\/macrophages\",\n        \"Endothelial cells ballooning into the glomerular capillary lumen\"\n      ],\n      exp: \"<strong>Key concept: Crescent formation.<\/strong> Rupture of the GBM \u2192 fibrin and plasma proteins leak into Bowman's space \u2192 trigger proliferation of <strong>parietal epithelial cells<\/strong> + recruitment of <strong>monocytes\/macrophages<\/strong> \u2192 crescent compresses the glomerular tuft \u2192 rapid loss of GFR. Three immunofluorescence patterns: <em>linear IgG<\/em> (anti-GBM\/Goodpasture), <em>granular<\/em> (immune complex \u2014 SLE, post-strep), <em>pauci-immune<\/em> (ANCA-vasculitis \u2014 Wegener's, MPA).\",\n      difficulty: \"hard\"\n    },\n    {\n      q: \"Fanconi syndrome results from generalised proximal tubular dysfunction. Which of the following is <em>not<\/em> typically lost in the urine in this condition?\",\n      correctAnswer: \"Urea\",\n      opts: [\n        \"Glucose (normoglycaemic glycosuria)\",\n        \"Phosphate (causing hypophosphataemia)\",\n        \"Urea\",\n        \"Amino acids (generalised aminoaciduria)\"\n      ],\n      exp: \"<strong>Key concept: Proximal tubule reabsorption.<\/strong> The proximal tubule reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, phosphate, uric acid, bicarbonate, and low-MW proteins. Fanconi syndrome (causes: Wilson disease, cystinosis, multiple myeloma, heavy metals, tenofovir) \u2192 loss of all these \u2192 glycosuria, aminoaciduria, phosphaturia, bicarbonaturia, hypophosphataemic rickets. <strong>Urea<\/strong> is not actively reabsorbed by the proximal tubule \u2014 it moves passively; its excretion is not a feature of Fanconi syndrome.\",\n      difficulty: \"hard\"\n    },\n    {\n      q: \"Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is most commonly associated with loss-of-function mutation or silencing of which tumour suppressor gene?\",\n      correctAnswer: \"VHL (von Hippel-Lindau) gene on chromosome 3p\",\n      opts: [\n        \"WT1 (Wilms tumour gene) on chromosome 11p\",\n        \"VHL (von Hippel-Lindau) gene on chromosome 3p\",\n        \"MET proto-oncogene on chromosome 7q\",\n        \"FLCN (folliculin) gene associated with Birt-Hogg-Dub\u00e9 syndrome\"\n      ],\n      exp: \"<strong>Key concept: ccRCC molecular pathology.<\/strong> <strong>VHL<\/strong> mutation\/silencing \u2192 loss of pVHL \u2192 HIF-1\u03b1 not degraded \u2192 upregulation of VEGF, PDGF, erythropoietin \u2192 hypervascular tumour + paraneoplastic polycythaemia. Sporadic ccRCC: somatic VHL mutation. Hereditary ccRCC: germline VHL mutation (also causes cerebellar haemangioblastoma, retinal angioma, phaeochromocytoma). <em>WT1<\/em>: Wilms tumour. <em>MET<\/em>: papillary RCC type 1. <em>FLCN<\/em>: chromophobe RCC \/ oncocytoma.\",\n      difficulty: \"medium\",\n      concept: \"RCC Genetics\"\n    },\n    {\n      q: \"A 4-year-old boy presents with periorbital puffiness worse in the morning, abdominal distension, and frothy urine. Urinalysis shows 4+ protein, no haematuria. Serum albumin is 1.6 g\/dL. Renal biopsy light microscopy is normal; electron microscopy shows diffuse effacement of podocyte foot processes. The most likely diagnosis and first-line treatment are:\",\n      correctAnswer: \"Minimal change disease \u2014 oral prednisolone\",\n      opts: [\n        \"Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis \u2014 cyclosporine\",\n        \"Minimal change disease \u2014 oral prednisolone\",\n        \"Membranous nephropathy \u2014 ACE inhibitor alone\",\n        \"IgA nephropathy \u2014 fish oil supplementation\"\n      ],\n      exp: \"<strong>Minimal change disease (MCD)<\/strong>: most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children (75\u201390%). LM: normal. EM: diffuse podocyte foot process effacement. IF: negative. Pathogenesis: T-cell\u2013derived circulating factor damages podocytes \u2192 loss of charge barrier \u2192 selective <em>albuminuria<\/em>. <strong>First-line: corticosteroids<\/strong> \u2014 >90% remission in children. Relapses common. MCD also occurs in adults (associated with Hodgkin lymphoma, NSAIDs).\",\n      difficulty: \"easy\",\n      concept: \"Minimal Change Disease\"\n    },\n    {\n      q: \"A 9-year-old boy develops cola-coloured urine, facial puffiness, and hypertension 2 weeks after a sore throat. Urinalysis: haematuria, RBC casts, 2+ protein. C3 is low; ASOT is elevated. Renal biopsy immunofluorescence shows coarse granular IgG and C3 deposits ('starry sky'). The pathological finding on electron microscopy would be:\",\n      correctAnswer: \"Subepithelial electron-dense 'humps' on the GBM\",\n      opts: [\n        \"Subendothelial electron-dense deposits with mesangial deposits\",\n        \"Intramembranous deposits splitting the GBM ('tram-track')\",\n        \"Subepithelial electron-dense 'humps' on the GBM\",\n        \"Diffuse effacement of podocyte foot processes without deposits\"\n      ],\n      exp: \"<strong>Post-streptococcal GN (PSGN)<\/strong>: prototype immune-complex GN. Latent period: 1\u20133 weeks (throat) or 3\u20136 weeks (skin). Nephritic syndrome. Low C3 (alternate pathway activation). ASOT elevated (pharyngitis). IF: granular IgG + C3 ('lumpy-bumpy'). EM: <strong>subepithelial humps<\/strong> = immune complexes deposited between GBM and podocyte foot processes. Prognosis: excellent in children; adults may progress. Compare: membranous = subepithelial (but no humps \u2014 diffuse); MPGN = subendothelial.\",\n      difficulty: \"medium\",\n      concept: \"Post-strep GN\"\n    },\n    {\n      q: \"A 58-year-old with type 2 diabetes for 15 years has a urine ACR of 280 mg\/g, eGFR 48 mL\/min. Fundoscopy shows proliferative retinopathy. Renal biopsy would most likely show:\",\n      correctAnswer: \"Diffuse glomerulosclerosis with GBM thickening and Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules\",\n      opts: [\n        \"Diffuse glomerulosclerosis with GBM thickening and Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules\",\n        \"Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with hyalinosis at the glomerular hilum\",\n        \"Membranous nephropathy with subepithelial spike formation\",\n        \"Minimal change disease with normal light microscopy\"\n      ],\n      exp: \"<strong>Diabetic nephropathy<\/strong>: leading cause of ESRD worldwide. Stages: microalbuminuria (30\u2013300 mg\/day) \u2192 macroalbuminuria \u2192 declining GFR \u2192 ESRD. Biopsy: GBM thickening, mesangial expansion \u2192 <strong>diffuse glomerulosclerosis<\/strong>. Pathognomonic: <strong>Kimmelstiel-Wilson (K-W) nodules<\/strong> \u2014 ovoid nodular mesangial deposits of laminated matrix (PAS-positive). Also: afferent + efferent arteriolar hyalinosis (efferent hyalinosis is virtually unique to DM). Coexisting retinopathy confirms diagnosis clinically.\",\n      difficulty: \"easy\",\n      concept: \"Diabetic Nephropathy\"\n    },\n    {\n      q: \"A 24-year-old male smoker presents with haemoptysis and rapidly worsening renal failure over 3 weeks. Urinalysis: haematuria, RBC casts, proteinuria. ANCA is negative. Anti-GBM antibody is positive. Renal biopsy shows linear IgG along the GBM and crescents in 70% of glomeruli. The antigen targeted by the pathogenic antibody is:\",\n      correctAnswer: \"\u03b13 chain of type IV collagen in the GBM and alveolar basement membrane\",\n      opts: [\n        \"Phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) on podocytes\",\n        \"\u03b13 chain of type IV collagen in the GBM and alveolar basement membrane\",\n        \"C1q complement component deposited in the mesangium\",\n        \"IgA polymers deposited in the mesangium after mucosal infection\"\n      ],\n      exp: \"<strong>Goodpasture syndrome<\/strong>: anti-GBM antibodies targeting the <strong>\u03b13 chain of type IV collagen<\/strong> (NC1 domain) \u2014 expressed in GBM and pulmonary alveolar BM \u2192 RPGN + pulmonary haemorrhage. Linear IgG on IF (pathognomonic). Smoking injures alveolar BM, exposing the antigen \u2192 lung involvement more likely in smokers. Treatment: plasmapheresis + immunosuppression. <em>PLA2R<\/em>: membranous nephropathy. <em>IgA mesangial<\/em>: Berger disease.\",\n      difficulty: \"medium\",\n      concept: \"Anti-GBM Disease\"\n    },\n    {\n      q: \"A 22-year-old man develops visible haematuria concurrent with an upper respiratory tract infection (synpharyngitic haematuria), with no interval. Renal function is normal. Urine shows RBC casts. The most likely diagnosis and the characteristic immunofluorescence finding are:\",\n      correctAnswer: \"IgA nephropathy (Berger disease) \u2014 mesangial IgA deposits\",\n      opts: [\n        \"Post-streptococcal GN \u2014 granular IgG + C3 subepithelial deposits\",\n        \"Thin basement membrane disease \u2014 no immune deposits, uniform GBM thinning on EM\",\n        \"IgA nephropathy (Berger disease) \u2014 mesangial IgA deposits\",\n        \"Alport syndrome \u2014 GBM splitting and thinning on EM, X-linked COL4A5 mutation\"\n      ],\n      exp: \"<strong>IgA nephropathy<\/strong>: most common GN worldwide. Key feature: haematuria <em>concurrent<\/em> with infection (synpharyngitic) \u2014 within 1\u20132 days, unlike PSGN (2-week latent period). Pathogenesis: aberrantly glycosylated IgA1 \u2192 IgA immune complexes \u2192 mesangial deposition \u2192 complement activation. IF: <strong>dominant mesangial IgA<\/strong>. Prognosis variable \u2014 20\u201330% reach ESRD over 20 years. Poor prognostic factors: hypertension, proteinuria >1 g\/day, eGFR <60 at presentation.\",\n      difficulty: \"medium\",\n      concept: \"IgA Nephropathy\"\n    },\n    {\n      q: \"A 65-year-old man undergoes emergency repair of a ruptured AAA. Post-operatively, urine output drops to 15 mL\/hr. Urinalysis shows muddy brown granular casts and renal tubular epithelial cell casts. Urine sodium is 52 mmol\/L; urine osmolality is 290 mOsm\/kg. The most likely diagnosis is:\",\n      correctAnswer: \"Ischaemic acute tubular necrosis (ATN)\",\n      opts: [\n        \"Pre-renal azotaemia \u2014 reduced perfusion with intact tubular function\",\n        \"Acute interstitial nephritis \u2014 drug reaction with eosinophiluria\",\n        \"Ischaemic acute tubular necrosis (ATN)\",\n        \"Bilateral renal artery embolism \u2014 abrupt complete cortical ischaemia\"\n      ],\n      exp: \"<strong>Ischaemic ATN<\/strong>: prolonged hypoperfusion (surgery, sepsis, haemorrhage) \u2192 S3 segment of proximal tubule + medullary thick ascending limb most vulnerable (high metabolic demand, low O\u2082 supply). Hallmark casts: <strong>muddy brown granular casts + RTECs<\/strong>. Urine Na >40 mmol\/L + low osmolality (isosthenuria) = tubular dysfunction \u2014 contrast pre-renal (Na &lt;20, osmolality >500). Three phases: oliguric (1\u20132 wk) \u2192 polyuric (tubular regeneration, risk of hyponatraemia) \u2192 recovery.\",\n      difficulty: \"medium\",\n      concept: \"ATN\"\n    },\n    {\n      q: \"A 50-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes and recurrent UTIs presents with flank pain, fever, and haematuria. CT shows sloughed papillary tissue in the renal pelvis. Which additional association is most classically linked to renal papillary necrosis?\",\n      correctAnswer: \"Chronic NSAID\/analgesic abuse (analgesic nephropathy)\",\n      opts: [\n        \"Polycystic kidney disease with haemorrhage into a cyst\",\n        \"Chronic NSAID\/analgesic abuse (analgesic nephropathy)\",\n        \"Calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis obstructing the ureter\",\n        \"Renal vein thrombosis in nephrotic syndrome\"\n      ],\n      exp: \"<strong>Renal papillary necrosis<\/strong> \u2014 mnemonic <em>POSTCARDS<\/em>: Pyelonephritis, Obstruction, Sickle cell, TB, Cirrhosis, Analgesics, Renal vein thrombosis, Diabetes, Systemic vasculitis. The two most classic causes are <strong>diabetes<\/strong> (vascular insufficiency of vasa recta) and <strong>analgesic nephropathy<\/strong> (chronic phenacetin\/NSAID use \u2192 accumulation of toxic metabolites in medulla + prostaglandin inhibition). Sloughed papillae cause ureteric colic and haematuria; calcified ghost papillae ('ring sign') on imaging.\",\n      difficulty: \"medium\"\n    },\n    {\n      q: \"A 38-year-old man with a family history of kidney failure and subarachnoid haemorrhage presents with bilateral flank pain and haematuria. Ultrasound shows massively enlarged kidneys with innumerable cysts. BP is 160\/100. Which gene mutation and inheritance pattern are most likely?\",\n      correctAnswer: \"PKD1 mutation (chromosome 16p) \u2014 autosomal dominant\",\n      opts: [\n        \"PKD1 mutation (chromosome 16p) \u2014 autosomal dominant\",\n        \"PKHD1 mutation (chromosome 6p) \u2014 autosomal recessive\",\n        \"TSC1\/TSC2 mutation \u2014 tuberous sclerosis complex, autosomal dominant\",\n        \"VHL mutation (chromosome 3p) \u2014 autosomal dominant, associated with clear cell RCC\"\n      ],\n      exp: \"<strong>ADPKD<\/strong>: most common inherited renal disease. <strong>PKD1<\/strong> (85%, chromosome 16p, polycystin-1) \u2014 more severe; <strong>PKD2<\/strong> (15%, chromosome 4q, polycystin-2) \u2014 milder. Bilateral cysts replace parenchyma \u2192 progressive CKD, ESRD by 60s. Extrarenal: <strong>berry aneurysms<\/strong> (SAH \u2014 explains family history), hepatic cysts, mitral valve prolapse, colonic diverticula. Hypertension early (renin-angiotensin activation). <em>PKHD1<\/em> = ARPKD (neonates, congenital hepatic fibrosis). Tolvaptan (V2 receptor antagonist) slows progression.\",\n      difficulty: \"easy\",\n      concept: \"ADPKD\"\n    },\n    {\n      q: \"A 3-year-old girl is brought with a large, smooth abdominal mass discovered incidentally by her mother during bathing. CT shows a unilateral intrarenal mass with areas of haemorrhage and necrosis. She has hemihypertrophy and aniridia. The most likely diagnosis and associated syndrome are:\",\n      correctAnswer: \"Wilms tumour (nephroblastoma) \u2014 WAGR syndrome (WT1 deletion, 11p13)\",\n      opts: [\n        \"Neuroblastoma \u2014 associated with NF1 mutation and catecholamine excess\",\n        \"Clear cell renal cell carcinoma \u2014 VHL syndrome with cerebellar haemangioblastoma\",\n        \"Wilms tumour (nephroblastoma) \u2014 WAGR syndrome (WT1 deletion, 11p13)\",\n        \"Mesoblastic nephroma \u2014 sporadic, no genetic syndrome, good prognosis in neonates\"\n      ],\n      exp: \"<strong>Wilms tumour<\/strong>: most common renal malignancy in children (peak 3\u20134 years). Triphasic histology: blastemal + stromal + epithelial components. <strong>WAGR syndrome<\/strong>: <em>W<\/em>ilms tumour + <em>A<\/em>niridia + <em>G<\/em>enital anomalies + intellectual <em>R<\/em>etardation \u2014 due to 11p13 deletion including <strong>WT1<\/strong>. Also: <strong>Beckwith-Wiedemann<\/strong> syndrome (hemihypertrophy, macroglossia, WT2 locus 11p15). Treatment: nephrectomy + chemo \u00b1 radiation \u2192 >90% survival. Neuroblastoma: adrenal\/paraspinal, calcification, catecholamines.\",\n      difficulty: \"medium\",\n      concept: \"Wilms Tumour\"\n    },\n    {\n      q: \"A 62-year-old smoker presents with haematuria, left flank pain, and a palpable left-sided abdominal mass. CT shows a 9 cm heterogeneous renal mass with tumour thrombus extending into the left renal vein and inferior vena cava. Haemoglobin is 19.2 g\/dL. Which paraneoplastic syndrome and cell type are most consistent?\",\n      correctAnswer: \"Polycythaemia from ectopic erythropoietin secretion \u2014 clear cell RCC\",\n      opts: [\n        \"Hypercalcaemia from PTHrP secretion \u2014 transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis\",\n        \"Polycythaemia from ectopic erythropoietin secretion \u2014 clear cell RCC\",\n        \"Hypertension from renin secretion \u2014 juxtaglomerular cell tumour (reninoma)\",\n        \"Cushing syndrome from ectopic ACTH \u2014 small cell carcinoma of the kidney\"\n      ],\n      exp: \"<strong>Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)<\/strong>: classic triad \u2014 haematuria, flank pain, palpable mass (only 10% present with all three \u2014 'too late triad'). Venous invasion + IVC thrombus is characteristic. <strong>Paraneoplastic syndromes<\/strong> (10\u201340%): ectopic <strong>EPO \u2192 polycythaemia<\/strong>, PTHrP \u2192 hypercalcaemia, renin \u2192 hypertension, ACTH \u2192 Cushing. Clear cell RCC (most common, 70\u201380%) arises from proximal tubular epithelium. Gross: golden-yellow, haemorrhagic. Smoking is the main modifiable risk factor. Treatment: radical nephrectomy; targeted therapy (sunitinib, pazopanib) for metastatic disease.\",\n      difficulty: \"medium\",\n      concept: \"RCC \u2014 Paraneoplastic\"\n    }\n  ];\n\n  function shuffle(arr) {\n    const a = [...arr];\n    for (let i = a.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n      const j = Math.floor(Math.random() * (i + 1));\n      [a[i], a[j]] = [a[j], a[i]];\n    }\n    return a;\n  }\n\n  let session = [], answered = [], total = 0;\n\n  function prepareSession() {\n    session = shuffle(BANK).map(q => {\n      const opts = shuffle(q.opts);\n      return { ...q, opts, ansIdx: opts.indexOf(q.correctAnswer) };\n    });\n    answered = new Array(session.length).fill(null);\n    total = 0;\n    Q.sn.textContent = '0';\n    Q.sm.textContent = session.length * 4;\n  }\n\n  function diffBadge(d) {\n    return d ? `<span class=\"diff diff-${d}\">${d}<\/span>` : '';\n  }\n\n  function conceptBadge(c) {\n    return c ? `<span class=\"tag-concept\">${c}<\/span>` : '';\n  }\n\n  function buildQuiz() {\n    Q.container.innerHTML = '';\n    Q.sr.textContent = session.length;\n\n    session.forEach((q, i) => {\n      const card = document.createElement('div');\n      card.className = 'q-card';\n\n      const letters = ['A','B','C','D'];\n      const optsHTML = q.opts.map((opt, j) => `\n        <div class=\"opt\" id=\"rp-o-${i}-${j}\">\n          <span class=\"opt-letter\">${letters[j]}<\/span>\n          <span>${opt}<\/span>\n        <\/div>`).join('');\n\n      card.innerHTML = `\n        <div class=\"q-head\">\n          <div class=\"q-num\" id=\"rp-n-${i}\">${i + 1}<\/div>\n          <div class=\"q-text\">${q.q}<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"options\">${optsHTML}<\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation\" id=\"rp-e-${i}\">\n          <div class=\"exp-label\">Explanation ${diffBadge(q.difficulty)}${conceptBadge(q.concept)}<\/div>\n          ${q.exp}\n        <\/div>`;\n\n      Q.container.appendChild(card);\n      q.opts.forEach((_, j) => {\n        document.getElementById(`rp-o-${i}-${j}`)\n          .addEventListener('click', () => answer(i, j));\n      });\n    });\n\n    Q.submit.classList.remove('visible');\n  }\n\n  function answer(qi, oi) {\n    if (answered[qi] !== null) return;\n    const q = session[qi];\n    const ok = oi === q.ansIdx;\n    answered[qi] = ok ? 'correct' : 'wrong';\n    total++;\n\n    q.opts.forEach((_, j) => {\n      const el = document.getElementById(`rp-o-${qi}-${j}`);\n      if (j === q.ansIdx)       el.classList.add('correct');\n      else if (j === oi && !ok) el.classList.add('wrong');\n      else                      el.classList.add('dimmed');\n    });\n\n    document.getElementById(`rp-e-${qi}`).classList.add('show');\n    document.getElementById(`rp-n-${qi}`).classList.add(ok ? 'answered-c' : 'answered-w');\n\n    updateStats();\n    updateProgress();\n    if (total === session.length) Q.submit.classList.add('visible');\n  }\n\n  function updateStats() {\n    const c = answered.filter(a => a === 'correct').length;\n    const w = answered.filter(a => a === 'wrong').length;\n    const r = answered.filter(a => a === null).length;\n    const n = (c * 4) - w;\n    Q.sc.textContent = c;\n    Q.sw.textContent = w;\n    Q.sr.textContent = r;\n    Q.sn.textContent = n >= 0 ? '+' + n : n;\n    Q.sm.textContent = session.length * 4;\n  }\n\n  function updateProgress() {\n    Q.progress.style.width = (total \/ session.length * 100) + '%';\n  }\n\n  function showScore() {\n    const c  = answered.filter(a => a === 'correct').length;\n    const w  = answered.filter(a => a === 'wrong').length;\n    const sk = answered.filter(a => a === null).length;\n    const mx = session.length * 4;\n    const ns = (c * 4) - w;\n    const pc = Math.round((ns \/ mx) * 100);\n    const bw = Math.max(0, Math.min(100, pc));\n    const msg = pc >= 85 ? 'Outstanding! Excellent command of renal pathology.' :\n                pc >= 65 ? 'Good foundation \u2014 revisit the explanations for gaps.' :\n                pc >= 50 ? 'Passing, but targeted revision is recommended.' :\n                pc >= 0  ? 'Dedicated study needed \u2014 use explanations as concise notes.' :\n                           'Negative net score \u2014 avoid guessing on unfamiliar questions.';\n\n    Q.score.innerHTML = `\n      <h2>Quiz Complete<\/h2>\n      <div class=\"score-num\">${ns < 0 ? ns : '+' + ns}<\/div>\n      <div class=\"score-denom\">Net Score &nbsp;|&nbsp; Max Marks: ${mx}<\/div>\n      <div class=\"grade-bar\"><div class=\"grade-fill\" style=\"width:${bw}%\"><\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"score-breakdown\">\n        <span><strong>${c}<\/strong><br>Correct<br><small>(+${c * 4})<\/small><\/span>\n        <span><strong>${w}<\/strong><br>Wrong<br><small>(\u2212${w})<\/small><\/span>\n        <span><strong>${sk}<\/strong><br>Skipped<br><small>(0)<\/small><\/span>\n        <span><strong>${Math.max(0, pc)}%<\/strong><br>Score%<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"score-formula\">\n        Net = (${c} \u00d7 4) \u2212 ${w} = <strong>${ns}<\/strong>\n        &nbsp;|&nbsp; ${ns} \u00f7 ${mx} \u00d7 100 = <strong>${pc}%<\/strong>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"score-msg\">${msg}<\/div>\n      <button class=\"btn-retry\" id=\"rp-retry\">\u21ba Reshuffle &amp; Retry<\/button>`;\n\n    Q.score.style.display = 'block';\n    Q.submit.classList.remove('visible');\n    Q.score.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth' });\n    document.getElementById('rp-retry').addEventListener('click', retryQuiz);\n  }\n\n  function retryQuiz() {\n    Q.score.style.display = 'none';\n    prepareSession();\n    updateStats();\n    updateProgress();\n    buildQuiz();\n    window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' });\n  }\n\n  Q.submit.addEventListener('click', showScore);\n  prepareSession();\n  buildQuiz();\n  updateStats();\n\n  new IntersectionObserver(\n    ([e]) => document.getElementById('rp-status-bar')\n                      .classList.toggle('visible', !e.isIntersecting),\n    { threshold: 0 }\n  ).observe(document.getElementById('rp-sentinel'));\n\n})();\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u2713 0 \u2717 0 Left 15 Net 0 Max 60 View Score \u2192<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36436","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-neet-pg"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Renal Pathology MCQ - atsixty<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/03\/renal-pathology-mcq\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Renal Pathology MCQ - atsixty\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u2713 0 \u2717 0 Left 15 Net 0 Max 60 View Score \u2192\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/03\/renal-pathology-mcq\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"atsixty\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-04-02T22:30:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-04-03T09:42:37+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Avi\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Avi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/index.php\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/03\\\/renal-pathology-mcq\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/index.php\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/03\\\/renal-pathology-mcq\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Avi\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/cf65e7ac7d8226d95c0bdf1036f7951d\"},\"headline\":\"Renal Pathology MCQ\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-04-02T22:30:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-04-03T09:42:37+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/index.php\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/03\\\/renal-pathology-mcq\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":8,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/cf65e7ac7d8226d95c0bdf1036f7951d\"},\"articleSection\":[\"NEET PG\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/index.php\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/03\\\/renal-pathology-mcq\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/index.php\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/03\\\/renal-pathology-mcq\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/index.php\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/03\\\/renal-pathology-mcq\\\/\",\"name\":\"Renal Pathology MCQ - atsixty\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-04-02T22:30:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-04-03T09:42:37+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/index.php\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/03\\\/renal-pathology-mcq\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/index.php\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/03\\\/renal-pathology-mcq\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/index.php\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/03\\\/renal-pathology-mcq\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Renal Pathology MCQ\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"At Sixty\",\"description\":\"The Option Taken\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/cf65e7ac7d8226d95c0bdf1036f7951d\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":[\"Person\",\"Organization\"],\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/cf65e7ac7d8226d95c0bdf1036f7951d\",\"name\":\"Avi\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/logo-agency.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/logo-agency.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/logo-agency.png\",\"width\":200,\"height\":200,\"caption\":\"Avi\"},\"logo\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/logo-agency.png\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/index.php\\\/author\\\/avinaux\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Renal Pathology MCQ - atsixty","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/03\/renal-pathology-mcq\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Renal Pathology MCQ - atsixty","og_description":"\u2713 0 \u2717 0 Left 15 Net 0 Max 60 View Score \u2192","og_url":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/03\/renal-pathology-mcq\/","og_site_name":"atsixty","article_published_time":"2026-04-02T22:30:25+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-04-03T09:42:37+00:00","author":"Avi","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Avi","Est. reading time":"1 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/03\/renal-pathology-mcq\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/03\/renal-pathology-mcq\/"},"author":{"name":"Avi","@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/#\/schema\/person\/cf65e7ac7d8226d95c0bdf1036f7951d"},"headline":"Renal Pathology MCQ","datePublished":"2026-04-02T22:30:25+00:00","dateModified":"2026-04-03T09:42:37+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/03\/renal-pathology-mcq\/"},"wordCount":8,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/#\/schema\/person\/cf65e7ac7d8226d95c0bdf1036f7951d"},"articleSection":["NEET PG"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/03\/renal-pathology-mcq\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/03\/renal-pathology-mcq\/","url":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/03\/renal-pathology-mcq\/","name":"Renal Pathology MCQ - atsixty","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/#website"},"datePublished":"2026-04-02T22:30:25+00:00","dateModified":"2026-04-03T09:42:37+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/03\/renal-pathology-mcq\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/03\/renal-pathology-mcq\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/03\/renal-pathology-mcq\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Renal Pathology MCQ"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/","name":"At Sixty","description":"The Option Taken","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/#\/schema\/person\/cf65e7ac7d8226d95c0bdf1036f7951d"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":["Person","Organization"],"@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/#\/schema\/person\/cf65e7ac7d8226d95c0bdf1036f7951d","name":"Avi","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/logo-agency.png","url":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/logo-agency.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/logo-agency.png","width":200,"height":200,"caption":"Avi"},"logo":{"@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/logo-agency.png"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/atsixty.com"],"url":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/author\/avinaux\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36436","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36436"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36436\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":36452,"href":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36436\/revisions\/36452"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36436"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36436"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36436"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}