{"id":36709,"date":"2026-04-28T06:06:07","date_gmt":"2026-04-28T00:36:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/?p=36709"},"modified":"2026-04-28T06:06:44","modified_gmt":"2026-04-28T00:36:44","slug":"neonatology-clinical","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/28\/neonatology-clinical\/","title":{"rendered":"Neonatology Clinical"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<head>\n<meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0\">\n<!--\n  \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\n  MORNING ROUNDS \u2014 Daily Clinical Quiz\n  Topic : Neonatology\n  File  : morning_rounds_neonatology.html\n  \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\n\n  HOW TO USE THIS TEMPLATE\n  \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\n  1. Search for the section marked  \u2605 EDIT HERE \u2605\n  2. Fill in your 5 questions inside the QS array\n  3. Each question has 6 fields \u2014 all explained below\n  4. The SVG image for Q1 is optional \u2014 see its section\n  5. Change the header title and subtitle if the topic differs\n  6. Save the file with a new name, e.g. morning_rounds_cardiology.html\n  7. Paste the file's HTML into a WordPress HTML Block on a new Post\n\n  SCORING\n  \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\n  +4 for each correct answer, \u22121 for each wrong answer.\n  Net score out of 20. Skipped questions score 0.\n\n  WHAT NOT TO TOUCH\n  \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\n  \u2022 Everything in the <style> block (unless you want to retheme)\n  \u2022 The JavaScript logic below the QS array\n  \u2022 The hidden image div (unless adding\/changing the image)\n  \u2022 Anything with id=\"mrq01-...\" unless you also update NS below\n\n  NAV CIRCLE (PIP) BEHAVIOUR \u2014 READ BEFORE EDITING\n  \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\n  buildPips() runs on every build() call (including Retry).\n  \u2022 It creates pips 1\u20135 with ids  mrq01-pip1 \u2026 mrq01-pip5\n  \u2022 It creates connector lines pl2\u2013pl5 (ONE line BEFORE each pip\n    except the first).  There is deliberately NO pl1.\n  \u2022 Default pip CSS class  : 'mr-pip'\n  \u2022 After answer CSS class  : 'mr-pip correct'  or  'mr-pip wrong'\n    (the full className is replaced \u2014 never appended piecemeal)\n  In pick():\n  \u2022 The pip for qid is coloured immediately on click.\n  \u2022 The connector LINE leading TO that pip ('pl' + qid) turns\n    .done \u2014 but ONLY when qid > 1, because pl1 does not exist.\n  \u2022 If questions are answered out of order the line colours\n    independently of the preceding pip's state (by design).\n  On Retry:\n  \u2022 build() \u2192 buildPips() wipes innerHTML and rebuilds from scratch,\n    so no stale colour state can carry over.\n  \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\n-->\n<title>Morning Rounds \u00b7 Neonatology<\/title>\n<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Playfair+Display:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;0,700;1,400;1,600&#038;family=Source+Serif+4:ital,wght@0,300;0,400;0,600;1,400&#038;display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n<style>\n\/* \u2500\u2500 All styles are namespaced to #mrq01 so they don't\n   bleed into the WordPress theme around this HTML block \u2500\u2500 *\/\n#mrq01 *,#mrq01 *::before,#mrq01 *::after{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}\n#mrq01{\n  \/* \u2500\u2500 Colour palette 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\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\n     SVG: Neonatal jaundice decision chart\n     Two horizontal threshold lines (phototherapy \/ exchange\n     transfusion) plotted against age in hours for a term neonate,\n     with a sample bilirubin trajectory plotted across them.\n     Used in Q1 (imgId: 'mrq01-img1')\n     \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 -->\n<div id=\"mrq01-img1\" style=\"display:none\">\n  <figure class=\"mr-img-wrap\">\n    <!--\n      Chart axes:\n        X \u2014 Age (hours of life): 0 \u2192 144 h (6 days)\n        Y \u2014 Total serum bilirubin (mg\/dL): 0 \u2192 25\n      Three threshold zones (term, \u226538 wk, no risk factors):\n        TREATMENT zone (phototherapy): above ~12\u201318 mg\/dL rising line\n        EXCHANGE zone: above ~20\u201325 mg\/dL rising line\n        SAFE zone: below phototherapy line\n      A sample bilirubin curve is plotted rising through phototherapy zone.\n    -->\n    <svg viewBox=\"0 0 540 240\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"\n         style=\"width:100%;max-width:540px;display:block;margin:0 auto\">\n\n      <!-- \u2500\u2500 background \u2500\u2500 -->\n      <rect x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"540\" height=\"240\" rx=\"8\" fill=\"#F4F9FB\"\/>\n\n      <!-- \u2500\u2500 chart area bounding box: x 55\u2013520, y 14\u2013200 \u2500\u2500 -->\n      <!-- plot width  = 465 px  \u2192 144 h  \u2192 1 h = 3.229 px -->\n      <!-- plot height = 186 px  \u2192 25 mg  \u2192 1 mg = 7.44 px  -->\n      <!-- origin (0 h, 0 mg): x=55, y=200 -->\n\n      <!-- \u2500\u2500 zone fills \u2500\u2500 -->\n\n      <!-- SAFE zone: below phototherapy line \u2014 light green fill -->\n      <!-- phototherapy line: (24h, 12 mg) \u2192 (144h, 18 mg) in px:\n           (55 + 24\u00d73.229, 200 - 12\u00d77.44) = (132.5, 110.7)\n           (55 + 144\u00d73.229, 200 - 18\u00d77.44) = (520, 66.1)                -->\n      <polygon\n        points=\"55,200 132.5,110.7 520,66.1 520,200\"\n        fill=\"#EAF6EF\" opacity=\"0.8\"\/>\n\n      <!-- PHOTOTHERAPY zone: between the two threshold lines \u2014 yellow fill -->\n      <!-- exchange line: (24h, 20 mg) \u2192 (144h, 25 mg) in px:\n           (132.5, 200 - 20\u00d77.44) = (132.5, 51.2)\n           (520,   200 - 25\u00d77.44) = (520,   14.0)                        -->\n      <polygon\n        points=\"132.5,110.7 520,66.1 520,14.0 132.5,51.2\"\n        fill=\"#FFF8E0\" opacity=\"0.85\"\/>\n\n      <!-- EXCHANGE zone: above exchange line \u2014 light red fill -->\n      <polygon\n        points=\"55,14 132.5,14 132.5,51.2 520,14.0 520,14 55,14\"\n        fill=\"#FDF0F0\" opacity=\"0.7\"\/>\n\n      <!-- \u2500\u2500 grid lines (horizontal, every 5 mg) \u2500\u2500 -->\n      <!-- y for 5 mg  = 200 - 5\u00d77.44  = 162.8 -->\n      <!-- y for 10 mg = 200 - 10\u00d77.44 = 125.6 -->\n      <!-- y for 15 mg = 200 - 15\u00d77.44 = 88.4  -->\n      <!-- y for 20 mg = 200 - 20\u00d77.44 = 51.2  -->\n      <!-- y for 25 mg = 200 - 25\u00d77.44 = 14.0  -->\n      <line x1=\"55\" y1=\"162.8\" x2=\"520\" y2=\"162.8\" stroke=\"#D8E8EE\" stroke-width=\"0.8\" stroke-dasharray=\"4,3\"\/>\n      <line x1=\"55\" y1=\"125.6\" x2=\"520\" y2=\"125.6\" stroke=\"#D8E8EE\" stroke-width=\"0.8\" stroke-dasharray=\"4,3\"\/>\n      <line x1=\"55\" y1=\"88.4\"  x2=\"520\" y2=\"88.4\"  stroke=\"#D8E8EE\" stroke-width=\"0.8\" stroke-dasharray=\"4,3\"\/>\n      <line x1=\"55\" y1=\"51.2\"  x2=\"520\" y2=\"51.2\"  stroke=\"#D8E8EE\" stroke-width=\"0.8\" stroke-dasharray=\"4,3\"\/>\n      <line x1=\"55\" y1=\"14.0\"  x2=\"520\" y2=\"14.0\"  stroke=\"#D8E8EE\" stroke-width=\"0.8\" stroke-dasharray=\"4,3\"\/>\n\n      <!-- \u2500\u2500 grid lines (vertical, every 24 h) \u2500\u2500 -->\n      <!-- x for 24h  = 55 + 24\u00d73.229  = 132.5 -->\n      <!-- x for 48h  = 55 + 48\u00d73.229  = 210.0 -->\n      <!-- x for 72h  = 55 + 72\u00d73.229  = 287.5 -->\n      <!-- x for 96h  = 55 + 96\u00d73.229  = 365.0 -->\n      <!-- x for 120h = 55 + 120\u00d73.229 = 442.5 -->\n      <!-- x for 144h = 55 + 144\u00d73.229 = 520.0 -->\n      <line x1=\"132.5\" y1=\"14\" x2=\"132.5\" y2=\"200\" stroke=\"#D8E8EE\" stroke-width=\"0.8\" stroke-dasharray=\"4,3\"\/>\n      <line x1=\"210.0\" y1=\"14\" x2=\"210.0\" y2=\"200\" stroke=\"#D8E8EE\" stroke-width=\"0.8\" stroke-dasharray=\"4,3\"\/>\n      <line x1=\"287.5\" y1=\"14\" x2=\"287.5\" y2=\"200\" stroke=\"#D8E8EE\" stroke-width=\"0.8\" stroke-dasharray=\"4,3\"\/>\n      <line x1=\"365.0\" y1=\"14\" x2=\"365.0\" y2=\"200\" stroke=\"#D8E8EE\" stroke-width=\"0.8\" stroke-dasharray=\"4,3\"\/>\n      <line x1=\"442.5\" y1=\"14\" x2=\"442.5\" y2=\"200\" stroke=\"#D8E8EE\" stroke-width=\"0.8\" stroke-dasharray=\"4,3\"\/>\n\n      <!-- \u2500\u2500 axes \u2500\u2500 -->\n      <line x1=\"55\" y1=\"14\" x2=\"55\"  y2=\"200\" stroke=\"#3A5468\" stroke-width=\"1.2\"\/>\n      <line x1=\"55\" y1=\"200\" x2=\"520\" y2=\"200\" stroke=\"#3A5468\" stroke-width=\"1.2\"\/>\n\n      <!-- \u2500\u2500 Y-axis labels (mg\/dL) \u2500\u2500 -->\n      <text x=\"50\" y=\"166\" text-anchor=\"end\" fill=\"#7A9AAA\" font-size=\"8\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\">5<\/text>\n      <text x=\"50\" y=\"129\" text-anchor=\"end\" fill=\"#7A9AAA\" font-size=\"8\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\">10<\/text>\n      <text x=\"50\" y=\"92\"  text-anchor=\"end\" fill=\"#7A9AAA\" font-size=\"8\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\">15<\/text>\n      <text x=\"50\" y=\"54\"  text-anchor=\"end\" fill=\"#7A9AAA\" font-size=\"8\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\">20<\/text>\n      <text x=\"50\" y=\"17\"  text-anchor=\"end\" fill=\"#7A9AAA\" font-size=\"8\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\">25<\/text>\n      <!-- Y-axis title -->\n      <text x=\"11\" y=\"130\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#3A5468\" font-size=\"8\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\"\n            transform=\"rotate(-90,11,130)\">Total Bilirubin (mg\/dL)<\/text>\n\n      <!-- \u2500\u2500 X-axis labels (hours) \u2500\u2500 -->\n      <text x=\"55\"    y=\"212\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#7A9AAA\" font-size=\"8\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\">0<\/text>\n      <text x=\"132.5\" y=\"212\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#7A9AAA\" font-size=\"8\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\">24<\/text>\n      <text x=\"210.0\" y=\"212\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#7A9AAA\" font-size=\"8\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\">48<\/text>\n      <text x=\"287.5\" y=\"212\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#7A9AAA\" font-size=\"8\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\">72<\/text>\n      <text x=\"365.0\" y=\"212\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#7A9AAA\" font-size=\"8\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\">96<\/text>\n      <text x=\"442.5\" y=\"212\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#7A9AAA\" font-size=\"8\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\">120<\/text>\n      <text x=\"520.0\" y=\"212\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#7A9AAA\" font-size=\"8\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\">144<\/text>\n      <!-- X-axis title -->\n      <text x=\"287.5\" y=\"226\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#3A5468\" font-size=\"8\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\">Age (hours)<\/text>\n\n      <!-- \u2500\u2500 PHOTOTHERAPY threshold line \u2500\u2500 -->\n      <!-- starts at origin (0 h, 6 mg) = (55, 155.4), rises to (144 h, 18 mg) = (520, 66.1) -->\n      <line x1=\"55\" y1=\"155.4\" x2=\"520\" y2=\"66.1\"\n            stroke=\"#E8A820\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-dasharray=\"6,3\"\/>\n      <!-- label -->\n      <text x=\"525\" y=\"66\" fill=\"#B88010\" font-size=\"7.5\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-weight=\"bold\">Phototherapy<\/text>\n      <text x=\"525\" y=\"76\" fill=\"#B88010\" font-size=\"7.5\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\">threshold<\/text>\n\n      <!-- \u2500\u2500 EXCHANGE TRANSFUSION threshold line \u2500\u2500 -->\n      <!-- starts at (0 h, 14 mg) = (55, 95.8), rises to (144 h, 25 mg) = (520, 14.0) -->\n      <line x1=\"55\" y1=\"95.8\" x2=\"520\" y2=\"14.0\"\n            stroke=\"#C83030\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-dasharray=\"6,3\"\/>\n      <!-- label -->\n      <text x=\"525\" y=\"14\"  fill=\"#922020\" font-size=\"7.5\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-weight=\"bold\">Exchange<\/text>\n      <text x=\"525\" y=\"24\"  fill=\"#922020\" font-size=\"7.5\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\">transfusion<\/text>\n      <text x=\"525\" y=\"34\"  fill=\"#922020\" font-size=\"7.5\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\">threshold<\/text>\n\n      <!-- \u2500\u2500 Sample bilirubin trajectory \u2500\u2500 -->\n      <!-- rises from ~3 mg at birth into phototherapy zone by day 3,\n           then falls after phototherapy is started around 72 h       -->\n      <!-- points: (0h,3)\u2192(24h,7)\u2192(48h,11)\u2192(72h,15)\u2192(96h,16)\u2192(120h,14)\u2192(144h,11) -->\n      <!-- in px:\n           0h   3mg  = (55,   177.7)\n           24h  7mg  = (132.5,147.9)\n           48h  11mg = (210,  118.2)\n           72h  15mg = (287.5, 88.4)  \u2190 enters phototherapy zone\n           96h  16mg = (365,   81.0)\n           120h 14mg = (442.5, 95.8)  \u2190 coming down\n           144h 11mg = (520,  118.2)  \u2190 resolved                     -->\n      <polyline\n        points=\"55,177.7 132.5,147.9 210,118.2 287.5,88.4 365,81.0 442.5,95.8 520,118.2\"\n        fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#2A6E8A\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n      <!-- dots at each time point -->\n      <circle cx=\"55\"    cy=\"177.7\" r=\"3.2\" fill=\"#2A6E8A\"\/>\n      <circle cx=\"132.5\" cy=\"147.9\" r=\"3.2\" fill=\"#2A6E8A\"\/>\n      <circle cx=\"210\"   cy=\"118.2\" r=\"3.2\" fill=\"#2A6E8A\"\/>\n      <circle cx=\"287.5\" cy=\"88.4\"  r=\"3.2\" fill=\"#2A6E8A\"\/>\n      <circle cx=\"365\"   cy=\"81.0\"  r=\"3.2\" fill=\"#2A6E8A\"\/>\n      <circle cx=\"442.5\" cy=\"95.8\"  r=\"3.2\" fill=\"#2A6E8A\"\/>\n      <circle cx=\"520\"   cy=\"118.2\" r=\"3.2\" fill=\"#2A6E8A\"\/>\n      <!-- annotation: phototherapy started marker -->\n      <line x1=\"287.5\" y1=\"88.4\" x2=\"287.5\" y2=\"58\" stroke=\"#2A6E8A\" stroke-width=\"1\" stroke-dasharray=\"2,2\"\/>\n      <text x=\"291\" y=\"56\" fill=\"#2A6E8A\" font-size=\"7\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-style=\"italic\">Phototherapy<\/text>\n      <text x=\"291\" y=\"65\" fill=\"#2A6E8A\" font-size=\"7\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-style=\"italic\">started (72 h)<\/text>\n      <!-- trajectory label -->\n      <text x=\"62\" y=\"173\" fill=\"#2A6E8A\" font-size=\"7.5\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-style=\"italic\">Sample<\/text>\n      <text x=\"62\" y=\"182\" fill=\"#2A6E8A\" font-size=\"7.5\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-style=\"italic\">trajectory<\/text>\n\n      <!-- \u2500\u2500 Zone labels \u2500\u2500 -->\n      <text x=\"380\" y=\"185\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#2D6B47\" font-size=\"8\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-weight=\"bold\">OBSERVE<\/text>\n      <text x=\"380\" y=\"130\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#B88010\" font-size=\"8\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-weight=\"bold\">PHOTOTHERAPY<\/text>\n      <text x=\"380\" y=\"38\"  text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#922020\" font-size=\"8\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-weight=\"bold\">EXCHANGE TRANSFUSION<\/text>\n\n      <!-- \u2500\u2500 Chart title \u2500\u2500 -->\n      <text x=\"287\" y=\"10\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1A4E6A\" font-size=\"9\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-weight=\"bold\">\n        Neonatal Jaundice \u2014 Term Infant (&ge;38 wk, no risk factors)\n      <\/text>\n\n    <\/svg>\n    <figcaption>\n      Bilirubin action thresholds for a <strong>term neonate (&ge;38 weeks, no risk factors)<\/strong>,\n      plotted against age in hours. The <strong>phototherapy line<\/strong> starts around\n      6 mg\/dL at birth and rises to ~18 mg\/dL at day 6. The <strong>exchange transfusion line<\/strong>\n      runs approximately 5 mg\/dL higher throughout. Thresholds are <em>lower<\/em> for preterm infants,\n      those with haemolysis, and those with other risk factors &mdash; always use the gestational-age\n      and risk-stratified nomogram in practice.\n    <\/figcaption>\n  <\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<!-- \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 MAIN WIDGET \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 -->\n<div id=\"mrq01\">\n\n  <!-- \u2500\u2500 HEADER \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 -->\n  <div class=\"mr-header\">\n    <div class=\"mr-eyebrow\">Morning Rounds &middot; Daily Clinical Quiz<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mr-title\">\n      Neonatology<br><em>Clinical Reasoning<\/em>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"mr-subtitle\">Five cases &middot; Read carefully &middot; Trust your instinct<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mr-chips\">\n      <span class=\"mr-chip\">5 Cases<\/span>\n      <span class=\"mr-chip\">+4 \/ &minus;1 scoring<\/span>\n      <span class=\"mr-chip\">Options reshuffled<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <!-- Sentinel: when this scrolls off the top, the fixed progress bar appears -->\n  <div class=\"mr-sentinel\" id=\"mrq01-sentinel\"><\/div>\n\n  <!-- \u2500\u2500 Fixed progress bar \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\n       Pips (circles) and connector lines are built entirely by JS.\n       \u2022 Pip ids    : mrq01-pip1 \u2026 mrq01-pip5\n       \u2022 Line ids   : mrq01-pl2  \u2026 mrq01-pl5   (NO mrq01-pl1)\n       Nothing in this HTML needs editing.\n       \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 -->\n  <div class=\"mr-progress\" id=\"mrq01-progress\">\n    <div class=\"mr-prog-inner\">\n      <div class=\"mr-pips\" id=\"mrq01-pips\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"mr-body\">\n\n    <!-- Case cards are built by JS \u2014 nothing to edit here -->\n    <div id=\"mrq01-cases\"><\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"mr-submit-wrap\">\n      <button class=\"mr-btn\" id=\"mrq01-submit\">Submit for Debrief<\/button>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- Score panel \u2014 built by JS, nothing to edit here -->\n    <div class=\"mr-score\" id=\"mrq01-score\">\n      <div class=\"mr-score-in\">\n        <div class=\"mr-score-ey\">Round Complete<\/div>\n        <div class=\"mr-ring\" id=\"mrq01-ring\">\n          <div class=\"mr-ring-in\">\n            <span class=\"mr-ring-pct\" id=\"mrq01-pct\">0%<\/span>\n            <span class=\"mr-ring-sub\">net<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"mr-score-title\">Your Debrief<\/div>\n        <div class=\"mr-score-net\" id=\"mrq01-net\"><\/div>\n        <div class=\"mr-verdict\" id=\"mrq01-verdict\"><\/div>\n        <div class=\"mr-bands\">\n          <span class=\"mr-band mr-band-c\" id=\"mrq01-ct-c\"><\/span>\n          <span class=\"mr-band mr-band-w\" id=\"mrq01-ct-w\"><\/span>\n          <span class=\"mr-band mr-band-s\" id=\"mrq01-ct-s\"><\/span>\n        <\/div>\n        <button class=\"mr-retry\" id=\"mrq01-retry\">&#8635; New Round<\/button>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n<\/div><!-- end #mrq01 -->\n\n\n<script>\n(function () {\n  'use strict';\n\n  \/* \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\n     NAMESPACE \u2014 one string that prefixes every element id.\n     If you ever put two quizzes on the same page, change\n     'mrq01' to 'mrq02' in one of them (and update every\n     id=\"mrq01-...\" in the HTML above to match).\n     \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 *\/\n  var NS    = 'mrq01';\n  var TOTAL = 5;\n  var MAX   = 20;   \/* TOTAL \u00d7 4 \u2014 update if you ever change TOTAL *\/\n  var LTRS  = ['A','B','C','D'];\n\n\n  \/* \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\n     \u2605 EDIT HERE \u2605  \u2014 THE QUESTION BANK\n     \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\n\n     QS is an array of 5 question objects.\n     Each object has six fields:\n\n     id       \u2014 question number 1\u20135. Keep in order. Don't skip.\n\n     tag      \u2014 short topic label shown above the stem in small caps.\n\n     stem     \u2014 the question text. HTML tags allowed inside the string.\n\n     correct  \u2014 EXACT text of the correct option.\n                Must match one of the entries in opts, character for character.\n\n     opts     \u2014 array of exactly 4 answer strings (shuffled on every load).\n\n     exp      \u2014 explanation shown after the user answers (3\u20135 sentences).\n\n     imgId    \u2014 'mrq01-img1' to show the image in the debrief; null otherwise.\n                Set on ONE question only.\n\n     \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 *\/\n  var QS = [\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 Question 1 \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    {\n      id:      1,\n      tag:     'Neonatal Jaundice &mdash; Phototherapy',\n      stem:    'A <strong>term male neonate (39 weeks)<\/strong> is noted to have jaundice on day 3 of life. He is breastfed, clinically well, and has no features of haemolysis. Total serum bilirubin (TSB) is <strong>16 mg\/dL<\/strong>. The Coombs test is negative and blood group is compatible with the mother. Which statement about management is MOST CORRECT?',\n      correct: 'Phototherapy should be started; the threshold for a low-risk term neonate at 72 hours is approximately 15&ndash;18 mg\/dL and this TSB exceeds it',\n      opts: [\n        'Phototherapy should be started; the threshold for a low-risk term neonate at 72 hours is approximately 15&ndash;18 mg\/dL and this TSB exceeds it',\n        'No intervention is needed; physiological jaundice in a term neonate never requires phototherapy before day 5',\n        'Exchange transfusion should be performed immediately as 16 mg\/dL at day 3 always indicates haemolytic disease',\n        'Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is the first-line treatment as haemolytic jaundice cannot be excluded without a reticulocyte count'\n      ],\n      exp:     'The decision to start <strong>phototherapy<\/strong> in neonatal jaundice is based on the <em>total serum bilirubin level plotted against age in hours<\/em> on a gestational-age- and risk-stratified nomogram. For a <strong>low-risk term neonate (&ge;38 weeks, no haemolysis, no risk factors)<\/strong>, the phototherapy threshold at 72 hours is approximately 15&ndash;18 mg\/dL; 16 mg\/dL at day 3 therefore meets the criterion. Physiological jaundice peaks at days 3&ndash;4 in term neonates and can still require phototherapy. The <strong>exchange transfusion threshold<\/strong> is roughly 5 mg\/dL higher than the phototherapy line. IVIG is reserved for <em>confirmed<\/em> immune haemolytic jaundice (ABO or Rh incompatibility).',\n      imgId:   'mrq01-img1'\n    },\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 Question 2 \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    {\n      id:      2,\n      tag:     'Respiratory Distress Syndrome &mdash; Pathophysiology &amp; Treatment',\n      stem:    'A neonate is born at <strong>30 weeks gestation<\/strong> by emergency caesarean section for antepartum haemorrhage. The mother received <em>no antenatal corticosteroids<\/em>. Within 30 minutes of birth the baby develops <strong>grunting, nasal flaring, intercostal recession<\/strong>, and an oxygen requirement of 50%. Chest X-ray shows bilateral ground-glass opacification with an air bronchogram. Which statement best describes the pathophysiology and management?',\n      correct: 'Surfactant deficiency causes alveolar collapse and V\/Q mismatch; intratracheal surfactant plus CPAP is first-line treatment',\n      opts: [\n        'Surfactant deficiency causes alveolar collapse and V\/Q mismatch; intratracheal surfactant plus CPAP is first-line treatment',\n        'Meconium aspiration causes airway obstruction and chemical pneumonitis; bronchoscopic lavage should be performed urgently',\n        'Transient tachypnoea of the newborn caused by retained lung fluid is the diagnosis; it resolves within 6 hours without surfactant',\n        'Group B streptococcal pneumonia is the most likely cause; surfactant is contraindicated until the infection is treated'\n      ],\n      exp:     '<strong>Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)<\/strong>, formerly hyaline membrane disease, is caused by deficiency of <strong>pulmonary surfactant<\/strong> (primarily dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine), resulting in high alveolar surface tension, diffuse atelectasis, and a right-to-left shunt. It is the commonest cause of respiratory distress in preterm neonates; incidence inversely correlates with gestational age. <strong>Antenatal corticosteroids<\/strong> (betamethasone or dexamethasone given &ge;24 hours before delivery) accelerate surfactant synthesis and are the most effective preventive measure. Postnatal treatment is <strong>exogenous surfactant via endotracheal tube<\/strong> (e.g., poractant alfa) combined with <strong>CPAP<\/strong> to maintain functional residual capacity; this has dramatically reduced mortality from RDS.',\n      imgId:   null\n    },\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 Question 3 \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    {\n      id:      3,\n      tag:     'Neonatal Sepsis &mdash; Early-Onset',\n      stem:    'A neonate born at <strong>38 weeks<\/strong> by normal vaginal delivery develops <strong>temperature instability, poor feeding, and respiratory distress at 14 hours of life<\/strong>. The mother had prolonged rupture of membranes for 22 hours and untreated <em>Group B Streptococcus (GBS)<\/em> colonisation detected at 36 weeks. White cell count is 3,200\/mm&sup3; (neutropenia), CRP is 28 mg\/L, and blood culture is pending. What is the correct immediate antibiotic regimen?',\n      correct: 'Intravenous benzylpenicillin plus gentamicin; benzylpenicillin targets GBS and gentamicin provides synergistic gram-negative cover',\n      opts: [\n        'Intravenous benzylpenicillin plus gentamicin; benzylpenicillin targets GBS and gentamicin provides synergistic gram-negative cover',\n        'Oral amoxicillin alone; early-onset GBS sepsis in term neonates is mild and responds to oral beta-lactams',\n        'Intravenous vancomycin plus cefotaxime; vancomycin is required because GBS has intrinsic penicillin resistance',\n        'No antibiotics until blood culture is positive; neutropenia in the first 24 hours is physiological and not diagnostic of sepsis'\n      ],\n      exp:     '<strong>Early-onset neonatal sepsis (EOS)<\/strong> presents within <strong>72 hours<\/strong> of birth and is most commonly caused by <em>Group B Streptococcus<\/em> and gram-negative enteric organisms (<em>E. coli<\/em>, <em>Klebsiella<\/em>). Risk factors include maternal GBS colonisation, prolonged rupture of membranes (&gt;18 hours), maternal fever, and prematurity. The empirical regimen of choice is <strong>IV benzylpenicillin<\/strong> (narrow-spectrum, highly effective against GBS) <strong>plus IV gentamicin<\/strong> (aminoglycoside providing synergistic bactericidal activity against gram-negatives). GBS is <em>not<\/em> penicillin-resistant; vancomycin is not required. Antibiotics should be started <strong>without waiting for culture results<\/strong> when clinical suspicion is high \u2014 a blood culture should be obtained first but must not delay treatment.',\n      imgId:   null\n    },\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 Question 4 \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    {\n      id:      4,\n      tag:     'Hypoxic-Ischaemic Encephalopathy &mdash; Therapeutic Hypothermia',\n      stem:    'A <strong>term neonate (41 weeks)<\/strong> is born after a prolonged labour complicated by a cord prolapse. Apgar scores are 2 at 1 minute and 5 at 5 minutes; cord pH is <strong>6.98<\/strong>. At 2 hours of life the infant has <strong>seizures<\/strong>, abnormal tone, and an abnormal level of consciousness. HIE is diagnosed and classified as <strong>moderate (Sarnat grade II)<\/strong>. The infant is now 3 hours old. What is the most appropriate specific neuroprotective intervention?',\n      correct: 'Whole-body cooling to 33.5 &deg;C for 72 hours, commenced within 6 hours of birth; this reduces death or major neurodisability',\n      opts: [\n        'Whole-body cooling to 33.5 &deg;C for 72 hours, commenced within 6 hours of birth; this reduces death or major neurodisability',\n        'High-dose intravenous phenobarbitone to suppress all electrical activity and prevent secondary neuronal injury',\n        'Therapeutic hypothermia is contraindicated if seizures have already occurred; magnesium sulphate should be used instead',\n        'Cooling should be deferred until MRI brain confirms injury, as unnecessary hypothermia worsens coagulopathy in term neonates'\n      ],\n      exp:     '<strong>Therapeutic hypothermia (TH)<\/strong> is the only evidence-based neuroprotective treatment for <strong>moderate-to-severe HIE<\/strong> in term and near-term (&ge;36 weeks) neonates. It exploits the <em>secondary energy failure<\/em> window (6&ndash;72 hours post-asphyxia) during which excitotoxicity and apoptosis can be attenuated by reducing cerebral metabolic demand. <strong>Criteria<\/strong>: &ge;36 weeks gestation, evidence of perinatal asphyxia (cord or early ABG pH &le;7.0 or base deficit &ge;16 mmol\/L, or need for resuscitation) <em>plus<\/em> clinical or amplitude-integrated EEG evidence of encephalopathy. Target rectal temperature is <strong>33&ndash;34 &deg;C for exactly 72 hours<\/strong>; cooling must begin within 6 hours of birth. Seizures are not a contraindication. Meta-analyses show a number-needed-to-treat of ~7 to prevent one death or major neurodisability.',\n      imgId:   null\n    },\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500 Question 5 \u2500\u2500 *\/\n    {\n      id:      5,\n      tag:     'Neonatal Hypoglycaemia &mdash; At-Risk Groups',\n      stem:    'A <strong>term neonate born to a diabetic mother (GDM, poorly controlled)<\/strong> is asymptomatic at 1 hour of life. A routine blood glucose by heel-prick glucometer reads <strong>1.8 mmol\/L (32 mg\/dL)<\/strong>. The ward nurse asks whether to feed the baby or escalate. Which statement is MOST CORRECT regarding definition, risk, and management?',\n      correct: 'A glucose &lt;2.6 mmol\/L in a neonate at risk warrants intervention; breastfeed or give formula immediately, then recheck in 30 minutes',\n      opts: [\n        'A glucose &lt;2.6 mmol\/L in a neonate at risk warrants intervention; breastfeed or give formula immediately, then recheck in 30 minutes',\n        'A glucose of 1.8 mmol\/L is acceptable in the first 2 hours of life as neonatal glucose naturally nadirs before rising; no action needed until 4 hours',\n        'IV 10% dextrose bolus 2 mL\/kg should be given immediately as oral feeding is always too slow to correct hypoglycaemia in IDM neonates',\n        'The glucometer reading should be ignored; only laboratory plasma glucose &lt;1.0 mmol\/L requires treatment in an asymptomatic term neonate'\n      ],\n      exp:     'The <strong>infant of a diabetic mother (IDM)<\/strong> is at high risk of neonatal hypoglycaemia due to <strong>fetal hyperinsulinism<\/strong> \u2014 chronic fetal hyperglycaemia drives pancreatic beta-cell hyperplasia, and the abrupt cessation of maternal glucose at birth leaves high circulating insulin unopposed. Other at-risk groups include preterm, SGA, and LGA neonates. The operational threshold most widely used is <strong>&lt;2.6 mmol\/L (47 mg\/dL)<\/strong> for at-risk neonates, regardless of symptoms. For an <em>asymptomatic<\/em> neonate with glucose 1.8 mmol\/L, the first step is <strong>early feeding<\/strong> (breastfeed or 10 mL\/kg formula) and recheck within 30 minutes. IV dextrose is reserved for symptomatic hypoglycaemia, severe values (&lt;1.5 mmol\/L), or failure to respond to feeding. Glucometer values should be confirmed by laboratory plasma glucose if there is clinical concern, but treatment must not be delayed pending the result.',\n      imgId:   null\n    }\n\n  ];\n  \/* \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\n     END OF QUESTION BANK \u2014 do not edit below this line\n     \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 *\/\n\n\n  \/* \u2500\u2500 Internal state \u2014 nothing to edit \u2500\u2500 *\/\n  var answers  = {};\n  var answered = 0;\n  var shuffled = {};\n  var done     = false;\n\n  \/* \u2500\u2500 DOM helpers \u2500\u2500 *\/\n  function byId(id) { return document.getElementById(id); }\n  function gid(suffix) { return byId(NS + '-' + suffix); }\n\n  \/* \u2500\u2500 Fisher-Yates shuffle (pure ES5) \u2500\u2500 *\/\n  function shuffleArr(arr) {\n    var a = arr.slice(), i, j, tmp;\n    for (i = a.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n      j = Math.floor(Math.random() * (i + 1));\n      tmp = a[i]; a[i] = a[j]; a[j] = tmp;\n    }\n    return a;\n  }\n\n  \/* \u2500\u2500 Count answers of a given value ('c' or 'w') \u2500\u2500 *\/\n  function countVal(val) {\n    var k, n = 0;\n    for (k in answers) {\n      if (answers.hasOwnProperty(k) && answers[k] === val) n++;\n    }\n    return n;\n  }\n\n  \/* \u2500\u2500 Build the five progress pips \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\n     Called on every build() invocation (initial load + every Retry).\n\n     Structure created (pip ids and line ids):\n\n       [pip1]  --pl2--  [pip2]  --pl3--  [pip3]  --pl4--  [pip4]  --pl5--  [pip5]\n\n     \u2022 pip ids : mrq01-pip1 \u2026 mrq01-pip5\n     \u2022 line ids: mrq01-pl2  \u2026 mrq01-pl5\n     \u2022 There is NO mrq01-pl1 \u2014 the guard  if (qid > 1)  in pick()\n       relies on this absence.  Do not add a pl1.\n\n     CSS classes after a question is answered (set in pick()):\n       pip  \u2192 'mr-pip correct'  or  'mr-pip wrong'   (full replacement)\n       line \u2192 class 'mr-pip-line done'               (appended class)\n     \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n  function buildPips() {\n    var cont = gid('pips'), i, q, wLine, wPip, line, pip;\n    cont.innerHTML = '';          \/* wipe all existing pips on Retry *\/\n    for (i = 0; i < QS.length; i++) {\n      q = QS[i];\n\n      \/* \u2500\u2500 connector line \u2014 inserted BEFORE pip, but NOT before pip 1 \u2500\u2500 *\/\n      if (i > 0) {\n        wLine = document.createElement('div');\n        wLine.className = 'mr-pip-wrap';\n        line = document.createElement('div');\n        line.className = 'mr-pip-line';\n        line.id = NS + '-pl' + q.id;   \/* pl2, pl3, pl4, pl5 \u2014 never pl1 *\/\n        wLine.appendChild(line);\n        cont.appendChild(wLine);\n      }\n\n      \/* \u2500\u2500 pip circle \u2500\u2500 *\/\n      wPip = document.createElement('div');\n      wPip.className = 'mr-pip-wrap';\n      pip = document.createElement('div');\n      pip.className = 'mr-pip';         \/* default: grey, numbered *\/\n      pip.id = NS + '-pip' + q.id;      \/* pip1 \u2026 pip5 *\/\n      pip.textContent = String(q.id);\n      wPip.appendChild(pip);\n      cont.appendChild(wPip);\n    }\n  }\n\n  \/* \u2500\u2500 Build all case cards from the QS array \u2500\u2500 *\/\n  function build() {\n    var cont, i, q, opts, card, top, numDiv, meta, tag, stem,\n        rule, optsDiv, expDiv, lbl, txt, imgDiv, imgSrc, j,\n        optEl, ltrSpan, txtSpan;\n\n    cont = gid('cases');\n    cont.innerHTML = '';\n\n    \/* reset state *\/\n    answers = {}; answered = 0; shuffled = {}; done = false;\n    gid('score').style.display = 'none';\n    buildPips();\n\n    for (i = 0; i < QS.length; i++) {\n      q = QS[i];\n      opts = shuffleArr(q.opts);   \/* shuffle options fresh each load *\/\n      shuffled[q.id] = opts;       \/* store shuffled order for later use *\/\n\n      \/* \u2500\u2500 outer card \u2500\u2500 *\/\n      card = document.createElement('div');\n      card.className = 'mr-case';\n\n      \/* \u2500\u2500 top section: big number + tag + stem \u2500\u2500 *\/\n      top = document.createElement('div');\n      top.className = 'mr-case-top';\n\n      numDiv = document.createElement('div');\n      numDiv.className = 'mr-num';\n      numDiv.textContent = q.id < 10 ? '0' + q.id : String(q.id);\n\n      meta = document.createElement('div');\n      meta.className = 'mr-meta';\n\n      tag = document.createElement('div');\n      tag.className = 'mr-tag';\n      tag.innerHTML = q.tag;   \/* innerHTML so &mdash; etc. render *\/\n\n      stem = document.createElement('div');\n      stem.className = 'mr-stem';\n      stem.innerHTML = q.stem;\n\n      meta.appendChild(tag);\n      meta.appendChild(stem);\n      top.appendChild(numDiv);\n      top.appendChild(meta);\n      card.appendChild(top);\n\n      \/* \u2500\u2500 divider line \u2500\u2500 *\/\n      rule = document.createElement('div');\n      rule.className = 'mr-rule';\n      card.appendChild(rule);\n\n      \/* \u2500\u2500 answer options \u2500\u2500 *\/\n      optsDiv = document.createElement('div');\n      optsDiv.className = 'mr-opts';\n\n      for (j = 0; j < opts.length; j++) {\n        optEl = document.createElement('div');\n        optEl.className = 'mr-opt';\n        optEl.id = NS + '-o' + q.id + '-' + j;\n        optEl.setAttribute('role', 'button');\n        optEl.setAttribute('tabindex', '0');\n\n        ltrSpan = document.createElement('span');\n        ltrSpan.className = 'mr-ltr';\n        ltrSpan.textContent = LTRS[j];\n\n        txtSpan = document.createElement('span');\n        txtSpan.className = 'mr-opt-text';\n        txtSpan.innerHTML = opts[j];\n\n        optEl.appendChild(ltrSpan);\n        optEl.appendChild(txtSpan);\n        optsDiv.appendChild(optEl);\n\n        \/* IIFE to capture correct qid and oi for each click listener *\/\n        (function (qid, oi) {\n          optEl.addEventListener('click', function () { pick(qid, oi); });\n        }(q.id, j));\n      }\n      card.appendChild(optsDiv);\n\n      \/* \u2500\u2500 explanation (hidden until the user answers) \u2500\u2500 *\/\n      expDiv = document.createElement('div');\n      expDiv.className = 'mr-exp';\n      expDiv.id = NS + '-exp' + q.id;\n\n      lbl = document.createElement('div');\n      lbl.className = 'mr-exp-lbl';\n      lbl.textContent = 'Debrief';\n\n      txt = document.createElement('div');\n      txt.className = 'mr-exp-text';\n      txt.innerHTML = q.exp;\n\n      expDiv.appendChild(lbl);\n      expDiv.appendChild(txt);\n\n      \/* inject image if this question has one *\/\n      if (q.imgId) {\n        imgSrc = byId(q.imgId);\n        if (imgSrc) {\n          imgDiv = document.createElement('div');\n          imgDiv.innerHTML = imgSrc.innerHTML;  \/* clone HTML from hidden div *\/\n          expDiv.appendChild(imgDiv);\n        }\n      }\n\n      card.appendChild(expDiv);\n      cont.appendChild(card);\n    }\n  }\n\n  \/* \u2500\u2500 Handle a user clicking an option \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\n     After a pick:\n     1. All four options are locked (correct\/wrong\/dimmed styling).\n     2. The debrief panel for this question is revealed.\n     3. The pip for this question turns green or red.\n     4. The connector line LEADING TO this pip turns teal (.done),\n        but ONLY if qid > 1 \u2014 because mrq01-pl1 does not exist.\n     \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n  function pick(qid, oi) {\n    var q, opts, i, el, correct, pl;\n\n    if (answers[qid] !== undefined || done) return; \/* ignore if already answered *\/\n\n    \/* find the question object *\/\n    q = null;\n    for (i = 0; i < QS.length; i++) {\n      if (QS[i].id === qid) { q = QS[i]; break; }\n    }\n    if (!q) return;\n\n    opts = shuffled[qid];\n    correct = (opts[oi] === q.correct);  \/* string comparison \u2014 not index *\/\n    answers[qid] = correct ? 'c' : 'w';\n    answered++;\n\n    \/* style all four options *\/\n    for (i = 0; i < opts.length; i++) {\n      el = byId(NS + '-o' + qid + '-' + i);\n      if (opts[i] === q.correct) {\n        el.className = 'mr-opt correct locked';\n      } else if (i === oi) {\n        el.className = 'mr-opt wrong locked';\n      } else {\n        el.className = 'mr-opt dimmed locked';\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/* reveal explanation *\/\n    byId(NS + '-exp' + qid).style.display = 'block';\n\n    \/* colour the pip \u2014 full className replacement (never appended) *\/\n    byId(NS + '-pip' + qid).className = 'mr-pip ' + (correct ? 'correct' : 'wrong');\n\n    \/* colour the connector line that leads TO this pip.\n       Guard: qid > 1 because mrq01-pl1 was never created in buildPips(). *\/\n    if (qid > 1) {\n      pl = gid('pl' + qid);\n      if (pl) { pl.className = 'mr-pip-line done'; }\n    }\n  }\n\n  \/* \u2500\u2500 Show the score panel after Submit is clicked \u2500\u2500 *\/\n  function showScore() {\n    var c, w, s, net, pct, disp, verdicts, vi, sc;\n    if (done) return;\n    done = true;\n\n    c = countVal('c');\n    w = countVal('w');\n    s = TOTAL - answered;\n    net  = (c * 4) - w;\n    pct  = Math.max(0, Math.round((net \/ MAX) * 100));\n    disp = Math.min(100, Math.max(0, pct));\n\n    \/* fill the donut ring \u2014 hex must match --ter exactly *\/\n    gid('ring').style.background =\n      'conic-gradient(#2A6E8A ' + disp + '%, #D8E8EE 0%)';\n\n    gid('pct').textContent = pct + '%';\n    gid('net').textContent = 'Net Score: ' + net + ' \/ ' + MAX;\n\n    \/* pick verdict by correct count *\/\n    verdicts = [\n      [5, 'Perfect round. Exceptional clinical reasoning.'],\n      [4, 'Strong \\u2014 one nuance to revisit.'],\n      [3, 'Solid base \\u2014 consolidate the finer distinctions.'],\n      [2, 'Halfway there \\u2014 review the missed cases carefully.'],\n      [0, 'These cases repay close reading. Come back tomorrow.']\n    ];\n    gid('verdict').textContent = verdicts[4][1]; \/* default: lowest *\/\n    for (vi = 0; vi < verdicts.length; vi++) {\n      if (c >= verdicts[vi][0]) {\n        gid('verdict').textContent = verdicts[vi][1];\n        break;\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/* unicode escapes \u2014 no multi-byte literals in source *\/\n    gid('ct-c').textContent = '\\u2705 ' + c + ' Correct';\n    gid('ct-w').textContent = '\\u274C ' + w + ' Wrong';\n    gid('ct-s').textContent = '\\u23ED ' + s + ' Skipped';\n\n    sc = gid('score');\n    sc.style.display = 'block';\n    sc.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'center' });\n  }\n\n  \/* \u2500\u2500 Sticky progress bar via IntersectionObserver \u2500\u2500\n     When the sentinel div (just below the header) leaves the\n     viewport, the fixed progress bar appears. 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