CMS 2017 Paper I \u2013 Part C (Q81\u2013Q120)<\/title>\n<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Playfair+Display:wght@600;700&family=Source+Serif+4:ital,wght@0,300;0,400;0,600;1,400&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n<style>\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Namespace: cms17p1c \u2500\u2500 *\/\n#cms17p1c *,#cms17p1c *::before,#cms17p1c *::after{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}\n#cms17p1c{\n --ter:#C0603A;--ter-light:#e8825f;--ter-pale:#fdf1ec;\n --teal:#2A7A6F;--teal-light:#3da394;--teal-pale:#eaf4f3;\n --ink:#1a1a1a;--ink-mid:#444;--ink-soft:#777;\n --line:#e0d8d4;--bg:#fdfaf8;--white:#ffffff;\n --correct:#1e6f46;--correct-bg:#eaf7ef;--correct-border:#43a047;\n --wrong:#b83232;--wrong-bg:#fdf0f0;--wrong-border:#e53935;\n --radius:10px;\n font-family:'Source Serif 4',Georgia,serif;\n font-size:16px;color:var(--ink);background:var(--bg);\n line-height:1.7;padding:0 0 48px;\n}\n#cms17p1c .cq-sentinel{height:1px}\n#cms17p1c .cq-statusbar{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;right:0;z-index:99999;background:var(--white);border-bottom:2px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--ter);box-shadow:0 2px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.11);opacity:0;pointer-events:none;transform:translateY(-110%);transition:opacity 0.22s ease,transform 0.22s ease;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-statusbar.visible{opacity:1;pointer-events:auto;transform:translateY(0)}\n#cms17p1c .cq-sb-stats{display:flex;align-items:center;padding:0.38rem 0.7rem;font-size:0.73rem;color:var(--ink-soft);}\n#cms17p1c .cq-sb-item{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:0.18rem;padding:0.1rem 0.5rem;border-right:1px solid var(--line);white-space:nowrap;line-height:1;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-sb-item:last-child{border-right:none}\n#cms17p1c .cq-sb-item strong{color:var(--ink);font-size:0.8rem;font-weight:700}\n#cms17p1c .cq-sb-sep{flex:1}\n#cms17p1c .cq-sb-progress{height:4px;background:var(--line);overflow:hidden}\n#cms17p1c .cq-sb-fill{height:100%;background:linear-gradient(90deg,var(--ter),var(--teal));width:0%;transition:width 0.4s ease;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-timer-item{display:none;align-items:center;gap:0.18rem;padding:0.1rem 0.5rem;border-right:1px solid var(--line);white-space:nowrap;line-height:1;font-size:0.73rem;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-timer-item.active{display:flex}\n#cms17p1c .cq-timer-item strong{font-size:0.8rem;font-weight:700;color:var(--teal);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}\n#cms17p1c .cq-timer-item.warning strong{color:var(--wrong)}\n#cms17p1c .cq-grace{display:none;position:fixed;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;z-index:999999;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);align-items:center;justify-content:center;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-grace.show{display:flex}\n#cms17p1c .cq-grace-box{background:var(--white);border-radius:12px;border-top:5px solid var(--wrong);padding:32px 28px;text-align:center;max-width:320px;width:90%;box-shadow:0 8px 40px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);}\n#cms17p1c .cq-grace-box h3{font-family:'Playfair Display',serif;font-size:1.2rem;color:var(--wrong);margin-bottom:10px;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-grace-box p{font-size:0.88rem;color:var(--ink-mid);margin-bottom:18px;line-height:1.55}\n#cms17p1c .cq-grace-count{font-family:'Playfair Display',serif;font-size:2.8rem;font-weight:700;color:var(--wrong);line-height:1;margin-bottom:18px;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-grace-btn{background:var(--wrong);color:#fff;border:none;border-radius:8px;padding:10px 24px;font-family:'Playfair Display',serif;font-size:0.95rem;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;transition:background 0.2s;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-grace-btn:hover{background:#c62828}\n#cms17p1c .cq-header{background:var(--teal);color:var(--white);padding:28px 24px 22px;text-align:center;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-header h1{font-family:'Playfair Display',serif;font-size:1.45rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:0.01em;line-height:1.3;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-header p{font-size:0.85rem;opacity:0.85;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic}\n#cms17p1c .cq-meta{display:flex;justify-content:center;gap:16px;margin-top:14px;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center}\n#cms17p1c .cq-badge{background:rgba(255,255,255,0.15);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.3);border-radius:20px;padding:4px 14px;font-size:0.78rem;letter-spacing:0.03em;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-timer-btn{background:transparent;border:1.5px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.7);color:var(--white);border-radius:20px;padding:4px 14px;font-family:'Source Serif 4',serif;font-size:0.78rem;cursor:pointer;letter-spacing:0.03em;transition:background 0.2s,border-color 0.2s;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-timer-btn:hover{background:rgba(255,255,255,0.15)}\n#cms17p1c .cq-timer-btn.running{background:rgba(255,255,255,0.2);border-color:var(--white);}\n#cms17p1c .cq-body{max-width:760px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 16px}\n#cms17p1c .cq-card{background:var(--white);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);margin:24px 0;overflow:hidden;transition:box-shadow 0.2s;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-card:hover{box-shadow:0 2px 12px rgba(192,96,58,0.1)}\n#cms17p1c .cq-qhead{background:var(--ter-pale);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:14px 18px;display:flex;gap:12px;align-items:flex-start;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-qnum{flex-shrink:0;width:26px;height:26px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--ter);color:#fff;font-size:0.72rem;font-weight:700;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;margin-top:2px;transition:background 0.2s;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-qnum.ans-c{background:var(--correct-border)}\n#cms17p1c .cq-qnum.ans-w{background:var(--wrong-border)}\n#cms17p1c .cq-qtext{font-size:0.93rem;color:var(--ink);line-height:1.65}\n#cms17p1c .cq-options{padding:14px 18px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:8px}\n#cms17p1c .cq-opt{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:10px;padding:10px 14px;border:1.5px solid var(--line);border-radius:8px;cursor:pointer;transition:border-color 0.15s,background 0.15s;background:var(--white);-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-opt:hover:not(.cq-locked){border-color:var(--teal);background:var(--teal-pale)}\n#cms17p1c .cq-opt-letter{flex-shrink:0;width:20px;height:20px;border-radius:50%;border:1.5px solid var(--line);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;font-size:0.65rem;font-weight:700;color:var(--ink-soft);transition:all 0.15s;margin-top:1px;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-opt-text{font-size:0.89rem;color:var(--ink-mid);line-height:1.55}\n#cms17p1c .cq-opt.cq-correct{border-color:var(--correct-border);background:var(--correct-bg);cursor:default}\n#cms17p1c .cq-opt.cq-correct .cq-opt-letter{background:var(--correct-border);border-color:var(--correct-border);color:#fff}\n#cms17p1c .cq-opt.cq-correct .cq-opt-text{color:var(--correct);font-weight:600}\n#cms17p1c .cq-opt.cq-wrong{border-color:var(--wrong-border);background:var(--wrong-bg);cursor:default}\n#cms17p1c .cq-opt.cq-wrong .cq-opt-letter{background:var(--wrong-border);border-color:var(--wrong-border);color:#fff}\n#cms17p1c .cq-opt.cq-wrong .cq-opt-text{color:var(--wrong)}\n#cms17p1c .cq-opt.cq-dimmed{opacity:0.42;cursor:default}\n#cms17p1c .cq-opt.cq-locked{cursor:default}\n#cms17p1c .cq-explanation{display:none;background:var(--teal-pale);border-top:1px solid #b2d8d3;padding:10px 18px 12px;font-size:0.82rem;color:#1a4f49;line-height:1.62;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-exp-label{font-size:0.7rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:0.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--teal);margin-bottom:4px;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-submit-wrap{text-align:center;padding:28px 16px 8px}\n#cms17p1c .cq-btn{background:var(--teal);color:var(--white);border:none;border-radius:8px;padding:13px 36px;font-family:'Playfair Display',serif;font-size:1rem;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;letter-spacing:0.02em;transition:background 0.2s,transform 0.1s;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-btn:hover{background:var(--teal-light)}\n#cms17p1c .cq-btn:active{transform:scale(0.98)}\n#cms17p1c .cq-score{display:none;background:var(--white);border:2px solid var(--teal);border-radius:var(--radius);margin:28px 0 0;padding:28px 24px;text-align:center;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-score-ring{width:110px;height:110px;border-radius:50%;background:conic-gradient(var(--teal) 0%,var(--line) 0%);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;margin:0 auto 20px;position:relative;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-score-ring::before{content:'';position:absolute;width:86px;height:86px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--white);}\n#cms17p1c .cq-ring-inner{position:relative;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;line-height:1.2}\n#cms17p1c .cq-ring-pct{font-family:'Playfair Display',serif;font-size:1.3rem;font-weight:700;color:var(--teal)}\n#cms17p1c .cq-ring-sub{font-size:0.6rem;color:var(--ink-soft);text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.05em}\n#cms17p1c .cq-score h2{font-family:'Playfair Display',serif;font-size:1.2rem;color:var(--ink);margin-bottom:8px}\n#cms17p1c .cq-net-line{font-size:1rem;color:var(--teal);font-weight:600;margin-bottom:6px}\n#cms17p1c .cq-verdict{font-size:0.85rem;color:var(--ink-soft);margin-bottom:20px}\n#cms17p1c .cq-score-bands{display:flex;justify-content:center;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:0.8rem}\n#cms17p1c .cq-band{padding:4px 12px;border-radius:16px;font-weight:600}\n#cms17p1c .cq-band-c{background:var(--correct-bg);color:var(--correct)}\n#cms17p1c .cq-band-w{background:var(--wrong-bg);color:var(--wrong)}\n#cms17p1c .cq-band-s{background:var(--teal-pale);color:var(--teal)}\n#cms17p1c .cq-retry-btn{margin-top:22px;background:transparent;border:2px solid var(--teal);color:var(--teal);border-radius:8px;padding:10px 28px;font-family:'Playfair Display',serif;font-size:0.95rem;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;transition:background 0.2s,color 0.2s;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-retry-btn:hover{background:var(--teal);color:var(--white)}\n@media(max-width:480px){\n #cms17p1c .cq-header h1{font-size:1.15rem}\n #cms17p1c .cq-qtext{font-size:0.88rem}\n #cms17p1c .cq-opt-text{font-size:0.84rem}\n}\n<\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n<div id=\"cms17p1c\">\n <div class=\"cq-sentinel\" id=\"cms17p1c-sentinel\"><\/div>\n <div class=\"cq-statusbar\" id=\"cms17p1c-statusbar\">\n <div class=\"cq-sb-stats\">\n <div class=\"cq-timer-item\" id=\"cms17p1c-timer-item\">\u23f1 <strong id=\"cms17p1c-timer-display\">40:00<\/strong><\/div>\n <div class=\"cq-sb-item\">\u2705 <strong id=\"cms17p1c-sc\">0<\/strong><\/div>\n <div class=\"cq-sb-item\">\u274c <strong id=\"cms17p1c-sw\">0<\/strong><\/div>\n <div class=\"cq-sb-item\">\u23f3 <strong id=\"cms17p1c-sr\">40<\/strong> left<\/div>\n <div class=\"cq-sb-sep\"><\/div>\n <div class=\"cq-sb-item\">Net <strong id=\"cms17p1c-sn\">0<\/strong> \/ <strong id=\"cms17p1c-sm\">160<\/strong><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"cq-sb-progress\"><div class=\"cq-sb-fill\" id=\"cms17p1c-fill\"><\/div><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"cq-grace\" id=\"cms17p1c-grace\">\n <div class=\"cq-grace-box\">\n <h3>Time's Up!<\/h3>\n <p>Submitting in<\/p>\n <div class=\"cq-grace-count\" id=\"cms17p1c-grace-count\">10<\/div>\n <button class=\"cq-grace-btn\" id=\"cms17p1c-grace-now\">Submit Now<\/button>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"cq-header\">\n <h1>Combined Medical Services Examination 2017<br>Paper I \u00b7 Part C<\/h1>\n <p>Paediatrics \u00b7 General Studies \u00b7 Environment \u00b7 Food Science \u00b7 Polity<\/p>\n <div class=\"cq-meta\">\n <span class=\"cq-badge\">Questions 81 \u2013 120<\/span>\n <span class=\"cq-badge\">Options reshuffled<\/span>\n <button class=\"cq-timer-btn\" id=\"cms17p1c-timer-btn\">\u23f1 Start Timed Mode<\/button>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"cq-body\">\n <div id=\"cms17p1c-questions\"><\/div>\n <div class=\"cq-submit-wrap\">\n <button class=\"cq-btn\" id=\"cms17p1c-submit\">Submit Answers<\/button>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"cq-score\" id=\"cms17p1c-score\">\n <div class=\"cq-score-ring\" id=\"cms17p1c-ring\">\n <div class=\"cq-ring-inner\">\n <span class=\"cq-ring-pct\" id=\"cms17p1c-ring-pct\">0%<\/span>\n <span class=\"cq-ring-sub\">score<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <h2>Your Result<\/h2>\n <div class=\"cq-net-line\" id=\"cms17p1c-net-line\"><\/div>\n <div class=\"cq-verdict\" id=\"cms17p1c-verdict\"><\/div>\n <div class=\"cq-score-bands\">\n <span class=\"cq-band cq-band-c\" id=\"cms17p1c-ct-c\"><\/span>\n <span class=\"cq-band cq-band-w\" id=\"cms17p1c-ct-w\"><\/span>\n <span class=\"cq-band cq-band-s\" id=\"cms17p1c-ct-s\"><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <button class=\"cq-retry-btn\" id=\"cms17p1c-retry\">\u21ba Retry Quiz<\/button>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<script>\n(function(){\n 'use strict';\n const NS='cms17p1c', TOTAL=40, MAX=TOTAL*4;\n const TIMER_SECS=40*60, GRACE_SECS=10;\n\n const QUESTIONS=[\n {\n id:81,\n stem:'A seven-year-old boy presents with acute onset of mild intermittent pain in the right groin and a limp. Abduction and internal rotation of the hip were restricted on the affected side. There was no fever. Radiographs of the pelvis were normal. The most likely diagnosis is:',\n correct:'Transient monoarticular synovitis',\n options:['Transient monoarticular synovitis','Legg-Calv\u00e9-Perthes disease','Slipped capital femoral epiphysis','Osteochondritis dissecans'],\n exp:'Transient synovitis (irritable hip) is the most common cause of acute hip pain and limp in children aged 3\u201310 years. Features: acute onset, mild-to-moderate groin\/hip pain, restricted internal rotation and abduction, and NORMAL radiographs (unlike Perthes which shows flattening of femoral head on X-ray). No fever (distinguishes from septic arthritis). Settles spontaneously in 1\u20134 weeks with rest. Legg-Calv\u00e9-Perthes shows AVN changes on X-ray. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis typically affects obese adolescents and shows Klein\\'s line disruption. Normal X-ray + no fever + acute onset = transient synovitis.'\n },\n {\n id:82,\n stem:'A child is brought with history of ingestion of an unknown substance. On examination the child has excess salivation, lacrimation, miosis, gastrointestinal cramps and emesis. What was the most likely substance ingested?',\n correct:'Carbamates',\n options:['Carbamates','Phenothiazines','Opioids','Tricyclic antidepressants'],\n exp:'The SLUDGE\/DUMBELS syndrome \u2014 Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, GI cramps, Emesis + miosis \u2014 is the classic cholinergic toxidrome from acetylcholinesterase inhibition. Carbamates (and organophosphates) inhibit acetylcholinesterase \u2192 excess ACh at muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. Carbamates cause reversible inhibition (self-limiting). Opioids cause miosis but also cause CNS\/respiratory depression and NO hypersecretion. Phenothiazines cause anticholinergic effects (mydriasis, dry mouth). Tricyclics cause anticholinergic + sodium channel blockade. SLUDGE = cholinesterase inhibitor (carbamate or organophosphate).'\n },\n {\n id:83,\n stem:'A term newborn presents with respiratory failure refractory to mechanical ventilation, surfactant replacement therapy, glucocorticoid administration and extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation. The most likely diagnosis is:',\n correct:'Surfactant Protein B deficiency',\n options:['Surfactant Protein B deficiency','Primary ciliary dyskinesia','Persistent tachypnoea of infancy','Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis'],\n exp:'Surfactant Protein B (SP-B) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder causing lethal neonatal respiratory failure. SP-B is essential for surfactant function \u2014 without it, no amount of exogenous surfactant, ventilation, steroids, or ECMO can sustain life. The disease is uniformly fatal without lung transplantation. It presents as term newborn respiratory failure unresponsive to ALL standard therapies \u2014 this resistance to ECMO is the pathognomonic clue. Primary ciliary dyskinesia causes chronic respiratory infections, not acute neonatal failure. Transient tachypnoea of newborn is self-limiting. SP-B deficiency is the diagnosis when everything fails.'\n },\n {\n id:84,\n stem:'A child after snake bite develops petechiae and ecchymosis on the skin. In addition, the child develops bleeding from the venepuncture site and oliguria. The most likely snake species is:',\n correct:'Pit viper',\n options:['Pit viper','Cobra','Mamba','Python'],\n exp:'Viperine snakes (pit vipers, Russell\\'s viper, saw-scaled viper) produce haemotoxic venom containing phospholipases, metalloproteinases, and procoagulants\/anticoagulants. They cause: local tissue destruction, consumptive coagulopathy (DIC-like) \u2192 petechiae, ecchymoses, bleeding from puncture sites \u2192 disseminated bleeding. Renal involvement (oliguria \u2192 AKI) is characteristic of Russell\\'s viper envenomation in India. Elapids (cobra, mamba) produce primarily neurotoxic venom \u2192 ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, respiratory failure \u2014 NOT coagulopathy. Python is non-venomous. Haemotoxic syndrome = viper envenomation.'\n },\n {\n id:85,\n stem:'A six-year-old boy presents with short neck, low hairline and restriction of neck movements. The child also has Sprengel anomaly, scoliosis, and fused cervical vertebrae. The most likely diagnosis is:',\n correct:'Klippel-Feil syndrome',\n options:['Atlantoaxial instability','Klippel-Feil syndrome','Noonan syndrome','Sandifer syndrome'],\n exp:'Klippel-Feil syndrome is defined by the triad: (1) short neck, (2) low posterior hairline, (3) restricted neck movements \u2014 caused by congenital fusion (synostosis) of two or more cervical vertebrae. Associated anomalies: Sprengel deformity (elevated, undescended scapula \u2014 in ~30%), scoliosis, renal anomalies, cardiac defects, and hearing loss. The question gives all three classic features + Sprengel anomaly + scoliosis + fused cervical vertebrae = Klippel-Feil. Atlantoaxial instability causes different symptoms. Noonan has webbed neck but normal vertebrae. Sandifer involves abnormal neck posturing with GORD.'\n },\n {\n id:86,\n stem:'A 10-year-old boy presents with recurrent bouts of nasal congestion, itching, sneezing, clear rhinorrhoea and conjunctival irritation. On examination he has conjunctival hyperaemia, allergic gape and a transverse nasal crease. Which of the following drugs is preferred for management?',\n correct:'Fluticasone',\n options:['Diphenhydramine','Fluticasone','Cetirizine','Ipratropium bromide'],\n exp:'This child has ALLERGIC RHINITIS \u2014 perennial or seasonal, with classical features: sneezing, clear rhinorrhoea, nasal congestion, itching, conjunctival irritation, allergic gape (mouth breathing), and allergic nasal crease (transverse crease from \"allergic salute\"). Current evidence-based guidelines (ARIA) recommend INTRANASAL CORTICOSTEROIDS (fluticasone, mometasone, budesonide) as the FIRST-LINE treatment for moderate-to-severe and persistent allergic rhinitis \u2014 they address all nasal symptoms including congestion (unlike antihistamines). Diphenhydramine is a sedating 1st-generation antihistamine (suboptimal). Cetirizine is non-sedating antihistamine (2nd line). Ipratropium controls rhinorrhoea only. Fluticasone nasal spray is preferred.'\n },\n {\n id:87,\n stem:'A two-year-old child presents with partial albinism and susceptibility to infection. Peripheral smear examination reveals giant peroxidase-positive lysosomal granules in granulocytes. The most likely diagnosis is:',\n correct:'Chediak-Higashi syndrome',\n options:['Angelman syndrome','Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome','Waardenburg syndrome','Chediak-Higashi syndrome'],\n exp:'Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) is an autosomal recessive disorder of lysosomal trafficking (LYST gene mutation). Classic triad: (1) Partial oculocutaneous albinism (reduced pigment \u2014 silver hair, light skin), (2) Recurrent pyogenic infections (neutrophil killing defect \u2014 impaired chemotaxis and degranulation), (3) Giant peroxidase-positive azurophilic granules in neutrophils\/lymphocytes on peripheral smear \u2014 PATHOGNOMONIC. Accelerated phase: haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Hermansky-Pudlak also has albinism but no giant granules. Waardenburg = deafness + heterochromia iridis. Angelman = \"happy puppet\" syndrome. Giant granules = CHS.'\n },\n {\n id:88,\n stem:'A one-year-old child on exclusive milk feeds presents with constipation. On examination there is no faecal impaction. What is the next step in management?',\n correct:'Increasing intake of vegetables and cereals',\n options:['Oral lactulose','Increasing intake of vegetables and cereals','Colonic enemas using polyethylene glycol','Milk of Magnesia'],\n exp:'Constipation in a one-year-old on EXCLUSIVE MILK FEEDS has a clear dietary cause \u2014 milk is low in fibre and high in calcium\/protein, which promotes firm stools. The appropriate first-line management is DIETARY MODIFICATION: introducing age-appropriate vegetables, fruits, and cereals to provide dietary fibre, promote water absorption in the colon, and improve stool consistency. No faecal impaction means no need for immediate disimpaction with enemas or osmotic agents. Lactulose and Milk of Magnesia (pharmacological agents) should only be introduced if dietary measures fail. Age-appropriate dietary diversification is the correct first step.'\n },\n {\n id:89,\n stem:'A six-year-old boy presents with generalised seizure disorder and hypopigmented skin lesions. On examination he has tiny red nodules over the nose and cheeks. The most likely diagnosis is:',\n correct:'Tuberous sclerosis',\n options:['Tuberous sclerosis','Sturge-Weber disease','PHACE syndrome','Neurofibromatosis'],\n exp:'Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) \u2014 neurocutaneous (phakomatosis) syndrome with the classic triad: (1) Seizures (cortical tubers), (2) intellectual disability, (3) skin lesions. The hypopigmented macules (ash-leaf spots) are the earliest cutaneous sign. The \"tiny red nodules over nose and cheeks\" are ANGIOFIBROMAS (adenoma sebaceum) \u2014 pathognomonic of TSC, appearing after age 2\u20135 years. Also: shagreen patches, periungual fibromas, subependymal giant cell astrocytomas, renal angiomyolipomas. Sturge-Weber = port-wine stain + seizures (no angiofibromas). Neurofibromatosis = caf\u00e9-au-lait spots + neurofibromas. TSC = angiofibromas + ash-leaf spots + seizures.'\n },\n {\n id:90,\n stem:'Which of the following can cause bilateral sensorineural hearing loss?',\n correct:'Loop diuretics',\n options:['Histiocytosis','Cholesteatoma','Loop diuretics','Glomus tumours'],\n exp:'Bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is caused by cochlear or auditory nerve damage. Loop diuretics (furosemide, ethacrynic acid) are OTOTOXIC \u2014 they damage the stria vascularis of the cochlea, causing dose-dependent, potentially irreversible bilateral SNHL (especially at high doses in renal failure). Other ototoxic agents: aminoglycosides, cisplatin, quinine. Cholesteatoma and glomus tumours cause conductive hearing loss (middle ear\/ossicular involvement) \u2014 typically unilateral. Histiocytosis may cause skull base lesions but SNHL is not a classic feature. Loop diuretics are the classic pharmacological cause of bilateral SNHL.'\n },\n {\n id:91,\n stem:'The joint sitting of Parliament for transacting legislative business is presided over by:',\n correct:'The Speaker of Lok Sabha',\n options:['The President of India','The Vice President of India','The Prime Minister of India','The Speaker of Lok Sabha'],\n exp:'Under Article 108 of the Indian Constitution, a joint sitting of both Houses of Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) is summoned by the President in case of deadlock between the Houses on a Bill. However, the joint sitting is PRESIDED OVER by the SPEAKER OF LOK SABHA (not the President, who merely summons it). In the absence of the Speaker, the Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha presides, and in their absence, the Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha. The Vice President presides over the Rajya Sabha in its normal sessions. The President does not preside. Speaker of Lok Sabha presides over the joint sitting.'\n },\n {\n id:92,\n stem:'Recently, a massive coral bleaching has been reported in the \\'Great Barrier Reef\\'. It is located near the coast of:',\n correct:'Queensland',\n options:['Queensland','Maldives','Hawaii','Andaman'],\n exp:'The Great Barrier Reef is the world\\'s largest coral reef system, stretching over 2,300 km along the northeast coast of QUEENSLAND, Australia. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and supports extraordinary marine biodiversity. The severe bleaching events of 2016 and 2017 (and subsequently 2020, 2022) were attributed to elevated sea surface temperatures from climate change. Bleaching occurs when water temperatures rise and corals expel their symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae), turning white and becoming vulnerable to death. The Maldives, Hawaii, and Andamans have their own reefs but the Great Barrier Reef is definitively off Queensland.'\n },\n {\n id:93,\n stem:'Who is the first Law Officer of the Government of India?',\n correct:'Attorney General of India',\n options:['Chief Justice of India','Attorney General of India','Law Secretary','Union Law Minister'],\n exp:'The Attorney General of India is the first (highest) Law Officer of the Government of India, appointed under Article 76 of the Constitution by the President on the advice of the Council of Ministers. The AG appears on behalf of the Union of India in the Supreme Court, gives legal advice to the Government, and performs other legal duties. The AG must be qualified to be a Supreme Court judge. The Solicitor General is the second law officer. The Chief Justice is head of the judiciary, not the government\\'s legal officer. The Law Minister is an executive\/political role, not a law officer position.'\n },\n {\n id:94,\n stem:'Scientists have developed a computational method called \\'Target Finder\\' which can predict where non-coding DNA interacts with genes. Which of the following is a likely advantage of this?',\n correct:'Finding new drug targets to treat some genetic diseases',\n options:['Artificial induction of beneficial mutations to develop high-yielding varieties','Finding new drug targets to treat some genetic diseases','Rapid cloning of domesticated animals','All of these'],\n exp:'Non-coding DNA (enhancers, promoters, regulatory elements) controls when, where, and how much genes are expressed. Understanding which non-coding regions interact with which genes helps identify regulatory variants that cause diseases (e.g., non-coding mutations in cancer, developmental disorders). The \"Target Finder\" tool allows identification of novel drug targets by revealing regulatory circuits driving disease gene expression \u2014 directly leading to new therapeutic strategies. It does not directly induce mutations (answer a) or enable animal cloning (answer c). The specific and most direct advantage in the context of genetic disease is identifying new drug targets (answer b).'\n },\n {\n id:95,\n stem:'Consider the following:\\n1. Gold\\n2. Platinum\\n3. Silver\\n\\nWhich of the above is\/are found in e-waste?',\n correct:'1, 2 and 3',\n options:['1 and 2 only','3 only','1, 2 and 3','None'],\n exp:'Electronic waste (e-waste) from computers, smartphones, and circuit boards contains significant quantities of precious metals: Gold \u2014 used in circuit board contacts, connectors, and CPU pins for corrosion resistance and conductivity. Silver \u2014 used in solder, contacts, and switches. Platinum and palladium \u2014 used in hard drives and certain electronic components. E-waste is sometimes called \"urban mining\" because it contains higher concentrations of gold per tonne than gold ore. All three \u2014 gold, platinum, and silver \u2014 are present in e-waste and are economically recoverable.'\n },\n {\n id:96,\n stem:'\"Boil a small quantity of khoya with some water, cool and add a few drops of iodine solution and see the formation of blue colour.\" This is the test to find the presence of which of the following?',\n correct:'Starch',\n options:['Fructose','Gram flour','Starch','Urea'],\n exp:'The iodine test for starch: iodine solution (I\u2082\/KI) reacts with the helical structure of amylose in starch to form a characteristic DEEP BLUE-BLACK complex. This is the standard adulteration test for khoya (mawa, a dairy product made by reducing milk). Starch is a common adulterant added to increase bulk. Blue colour on iodine = starch adulteration confirmed. Fructose does not give blue with iodine. Gram flour would not specifically give this reaction in isolation. Urea adulteration in milk is detected by urease + bromothymol blue indicator. The blue colour on iodine is specific for starch.'\n },\n {\n id:97,\n stem:'Which of the following CANNOT be used as a biofertilizer in rice cultivation?',\n correct:'Rhizobium',\n options:['Azolla','Azospirillum','Blue-green algae','Rhizobium'],\n exp:'Biofertilizers in rice cultivation: Azolla (water fern) \u2014 harbours nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena azollae; used as green manure in rice paddies. Azospirillum \u2014 free-living N-fixing bacterium that colonises roots of non-leguminous plants including rice. Blue-green algae (cyanobacteria, e.g., Anabaena, Nostoc) \u2014 free-living N-fixers used in paddy fields. Rhizobium \u2014 forms root nodules and fixes nitrogen ONLY in LEGUMINOUS plants (pulses, groundnut, soybean) via symbiotic root nodule formation. Rice is NOT a legume and cannot form root nodules. Rhizobium CANNOT be used as a biofertilizer in rice cultivation.'\n },\n {\n id:98,\n stem:'Groundwater in many areas in West Bengal has been contaminated, leading to a large number of cases of poisoning. What is the substance responsible?',\n correct:'Arsenic',\n options:['Arsenic','Cyanide','Polonium','Lead'],\n exp:'Arsenic contamination of groundwater in West Bengal (and Bangladesh) is one of the largest mass poisonings in history, affecting tens of millions of people. Naturally occurring inorganic arsenic (from geological sources in the Gangetic alluvial plain) leaches into shallow tubewells and hand-pumps, causing arsenicosis \u2014 characterised by: skin lesions (keratosis, hyperpigmentation, depigmentation \"rain-drop pigmentation\"), peripheral neuropathy, and increased risk of lung, bladder, and skin cancers with chronic exposure. The Bengal delta aquifer arsenic problem was identified in the 1980s. Arsenic is the specific contaminant responsible.'\n },\n {\n id:99,\n stem:'For acquiring ethanol for blending with petrol, the oil companies in India depend on:',\n correct:'Sugar mills',\n options:['Cosmetic industry','Food processing plants','Fertilizer factories','Sugar mills'],\n exp:'India\\'s Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) programme depends on SUGAR MILLS as the primary source of ethanol for blending. Sugar mills produce molasses as a by-product of sugar manufacturing; molasses is fermented to produce ethanol (C-heavy molasses, B-heavy molasses, sugarcane juice). This provides a dual benefit: reduces crude oil import dependency and provides additional revenue to sugar mills. The National Biofuel Policy mandates progressively increasing ethanol blending targets (reaching 20% by 2025). Sugar mills supply ~95%+ of the ethanol used in the EBP programme.'\n },\n {\n id:100,\n stem:'Targeted Delivery of Financial and Other Subsidies, Benefits and Services Act, 2016 aims to:\\n1. Strengthen the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana\\n2. Provide funds for the relief of farmers\\n\\nWhich of the statements given above is\/are correct?',\n correct:'Neither 1 nor 2',\n options:['1 only','2 only','Both 1 and 2','Neither 1 nor 2'],\n exp:'The Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial and Other Subsidies, Benefits and Services) Act, 2016 provides a legal framework for the Aadhaar biometric identification system. Its primary objective is to ensure targeted, efficient, and transparent delivery of subsidies, benefits, and services to residents of India using the Aadhaar unique identity number, thereby reducing leakages and duplication. Statement 1 (PMJDY strengthening) and Statement 2 (farmer relief funds) are NOT stated objectives of the Aadhaar Act, 2016. The Act is about identity verification for subsidy targeting \u2014 neither statement correctly describes its aims.'\n },\n {\n id:101,\n stem:'The Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana aims to promote:',\n correct:'Financial inclusion',\n options:['Financial inclusion','Collateral security in housing for rural and urban poor','Cashless financial transactions','Financial literacy'],\n exp:'Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY), launched on 28 August 2014, is India\\'s National Mission for FINANCIAL INCLUSION. Its objective is to ensure access to financial services \u2014 savings accounts, remittances, credit, insurance, and pension \u2014 for every household, particularly those excluded from the formal banking system. Core features: zero-balance bank accounts, RuPay debit card, overdraft facility (up to \u20b910,000), and accidental insurance cover. It is not specifically about housing (PMAY), cashless transactions (Digital India), or financial literacy (separate programmes). PMJDY = financial inclusion.'\n },\n {\n id:102,\n stem:'The objective of the \"Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana\" is to promote:',\n correct:'Organic farming',\n options:['Conservation of groundwater','Cultivation of wild varieties of cereal crops','Dryland farming','Organic farming'],\n exp:'Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY), launched in 2015 under the National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA), aims to promote ORGANIC FARMING in India. It encourages cluster-based organic farming, converting conventional farmland to certified organic production, and marketing organic produce. \"Paramparagat\" means traditional\/ancestral \u2014 the scheme revives traditional Indian farming practices while also promoting scientific organic methods. It provides financial assistance for input procurement, certification (PGS-India), and market linkage. Not groundwater conservation (MGNREGS\/watershed), not wild varieties, not dryland farming specifically.'\n },\n {\n id:103,\n stem:'Which among the following is a very water-intensive crop?',\n correct:'Sugarcane',\n options:['Grapes','Finger millet','Sugarcane','Wheat'],\n exp:'Water footprint per tonne of crop: Finger millet (ragi) ~1,800 L\/tonne (relatively drought-tolerant), Wheat ~1,800 L\/tonne, Grapes ~600 L\/tonne, Sugarcane ~1,500\u20132,000 L\/tonne but with FAR higher production volumes (India produces ~350 million tonnes\/year). Sugarcane is one of the most water-intensive crops overall \u2014 it requires standing water\/irrigation throughout its long growing cycle (12\u201318 months). In terms of per-hectare water consumption, sugarcane consumes 1,500\u20132,500 mm of water per season, making it the most water-intensive major crop in India. This is why its cultivation in water-scarce Maharashtra has been environmentally controversial.'\n },\n {\n id:104,\n stem:'Which of the following does nanoscience have applications in?\\n1. Drug delivery\\n2. Electronics\\n3. Food processing\\n4. Water purification\\n\\nSelect the correct answer:',\n correct:'1, 2, 3 and 4',\n options:['1 and 2 only','1 and 3 only','2, 3 and 4 only','1, 2, 3 and 4'],\n exp:'Nanoscience and nanotechnology have broad applications across all four domains: (1) Drug delivery \u2014 nanoparticles, liposomes, and dendrimers enable targeted, controlled-release drug delivery with improved bioavailability and reduced side effects. (2) Electronics \u2014 nanoscale transistors, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, and nanowires are fundamental to next-generation computing and display technologies. (3) Food processing \u2014 nanoencapsulation of flavours\/nutrients, antimicrobial nanomaterials for food packaging, and nanosensors for food quality monitoring. (4) Water purification \u2014 nano-filtration membranes, nano-sorbents (TiO\u2082 photocatalysis), and silver nanoparticle antimicrobial filters. All four are well-established application areas.'\n },\n {\n id:105,\n stem:'Which of the following is\/are the exclusive powers of the Lok Sabha compared to the Rajya Sabha?\\n1. Introducing money bills\\n2. Passing a motion of no-confidence against the Council of Ministers\\n\\nSelect the correct answer:',\n correct:'Both 1 and 2',\n options:['1 only','2 only','Both 1 and 2','Neither 1 nor 2'],\n exp:'Exclusive powers of Lok Sabha (lower house): (1) Money Bills (Article 110) can ONLY be introduced in Lok Sabha \u2014 Rajya Sabha can only suggest amendments which Lok Sabha may accept or reject; the Rajya Sabha cannot initiate or amend money bills. (2) No-confidence motion against the Council of Ministers \u2014 only Lok Sabha can pass such a motion (the executive is accountable to Lok Sabha, not Rajya Sabha). If a no-confidence motion passes in Lok Sabha, the government must resign. Both powers are exclusive to Lok Sabha. Rajya Sabha has its own special powers (Article 249, 312) but these two belong exclusively to Lok Sabha.'\n },\n {\n id:106,\n stem:'Who among the following does NOT participate in the election of the President of India?',\n correct:'Elected members of Vidhan Parishads',\n options:['Elected members of Rajya Sabha','Elected members of Vidhan Sabhas','Elected members of Lok Sabha','Elected members of Vidhan Parishads'],\n exp:'Presidential election (Article 54): Electoral College consists of elected members of the Lok Sabha, elected members of the Rajya Sabha, and elected members of the Legislative Assemblies (Vidhan Sabhas) of all States and Union Territories with legislatures. Vidhan Parishads (Legislative Councils \u2014 upper houses of state legislatures, existing in only 6 states) do NOT participate in the Presidential election. Nominated members of any house also do not participate. Members of Vidhan Parishads are the correct answer \u2014 they are excluded from the Presidential electoral college.'\n },\n {\n id:107,\n stem:'There is a popular opposition to the use of \"plastic microbeads\". In the manufacture of which of the following are they used?',\n correct:'Cosmetics',\n options:['Cosmetics','Electronics','Wooden furniture','Synthetic textiles'],\n exp:'Plastic microbeads are tiny (< 5 mm) manufactured solid plastic particles (polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene) used as exfoliants and abrasives in COSMETIC and personal care products \u2014 face scrubs, body washes, toothpaste, and exfoliating cleansers. They wash down drains, pass through water treatment plants, and accumulate in aquatic ecosystems where they are ingested by fish and marine organisms, entering the food chain. Several countries (USA, UK, Canada, India) have banned microbeads in cosmetic products. The opposition is specifically about their presence in cosmetics (rinse-off personal care products).'\n },\n {\n id:108,\n stem:'Consider the following statements:\\n1. In certain parts of India, the cultivation of opium is legally allowed.\\n2. Opium gum is mixed with cluster bean gum in fracking technology used in shale gas extraction.\\n\\nWhich of the statements given above is\/are correct?',\n correct:'1 only',\n options:['1 only','2 only','Both 1 and 2','Neither 1 nor 2'],\n exp:'Statement 1 is CORRECT: In India, the cultivation of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) is legally permitted in specific districts of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh under strict government licensing by the Narcotics Commissioner. The raw opium is procured by the Government Opium and Alkaloid Works for pharmaceutical morphine\/codeine production. Statement 2 is FALSE: Fracking (hydraulic fracturing) uses water, sand, and chemical additives (guar gum from cluster beans is indeed used as a thickener\/proppant carrier) \u2014 but opium gum is NOT used in fracking. Guar gum and opium gum are entirely different substances. Only statement 1 is correct.'\n },\n {\n id:109,\n stem:'There is a worldwide protest against the use of hydrofluorocarbons. In which of the following household things are they used?',\n correct:'Air-conditioning machines',\n options:['Air-conditioning machines','Cooking gas cylinders','Gas geysers','Microwave ovens'],\n exp:'Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are synthetic fluorinated greenhouse gases used primarily as refrigerants in AIR-CONDITIONING (room ACs, car ACs) and refrigerators, replacing the ozone-depleting CFCs phased out under the Montreal Protocol. While HFCs do not deplete the ozone layer, they have very high global warming potentials (GWPs of 1,000\u201310,000\u00d7 CO\u2082). The Kigali Amendment (2016) to the Montreal Protocol targets phasing down HFCs and replacing them with lower-GWP alternatives (HFOs, CO\u2082, ammonia). Cooking gas = LPG (propane\/butane). Gas geysers use natural gas. Microwave ovens use magnetron tubes. HFCs = refrigerants in AC\/refrigeration.'\n },\n {\n id:110,\n stem:'What is\/are the objectives of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety?\\n1. Establishing or promoting in-situ conservation facilities for rare and endangered organisms\\n2. Maintaining the worldwide network of gene banks for all known flora and fauna\\n\\nSelect the correct answer:',\n correct:'Neither 1 nor 2',\n options:['1 only','2 only','Both 1 and 2','Neither 1 nor 2'],\n exp:'The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (2000, under CBD) specifically addresses the SAFE TRANSFER, HANDLING, and USE of Living Modified Organisms (LMOs) \u2014 genetically modified organisms \u2014 that may have adverse effects on biodiversity or human health, with particular focus on transboundary movement of LMOs. Its objective is to protect biodiversity from risks posed by biotechnology products. Statement 1 (in-situ conservation) relates to CBD Article 8, not specifically the Cartagena Protocol. Statement 2 (gene banks\/ex-situ conservation) relates to the Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol and the International Treaty on PGRFA. Neither statement correctly describes the Cartagena Protocol. Answer: neither 1 nor 2.'\n },\n {\n id:111,\n stem:'Consider the following animals:\\n1. Sloth bear\\n2. Jaguar\\n3. Hoolock gibbon\\n\\nWhich of the above is\/are found in India in their natural habitat?',\n correct:'1 and 3 only',\n options:['1 only','2 and 3 only','1 and 3 only','1, 2 and 3'],\n exp:'Sloth bear (Melursus ursinus) \u2014 endemic to the Indian subcontinent; found across India, Sri Lanka, and Nepal. Protected under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act. Jaguar (Panthera onca) \u2014 found ONLY in the Americas (Mexico to South America); it does NOT occur in India. India has the leopard (Panthera pardus) and tiger (Panthera tigris), but not the jaguar. Hoolock gibbon (Hoolock hoolock) \u2014 the only ape native to India; found in Northeast India (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya) east of the Brahmaputra river. Found in India: sloth bear (1) and hoolock gibbon (3). Jaguar (2) is not found in India.'\n },\n {\n id:112,\n stem:'Consider the following statements:\\n1. Biodiversity is normally greater in the lower latitudes compared to higher latitudes.\\n2. Along the mountain gradient, biodiversity is normally greater in the lower altitudes compared to higher altitudes.\\n\\nWhich of the statements given above is\/are correct?',\n correct:'Both 1 and 2',\n options:['1 only','2 only','Both 1 and 2','Neither 1 nor 2'],\n exp:'Both statements reflect established ecological gradients. (1) The latitudinal diversity gradient: species richness is highest near the equator (tropics) and decreases progressively towards the poles \u2014 driven by greater solar energy, climate stability, longer evolutionary history, and higher primary productivity in tropical regions. (2) The altitudinal diversity gradient mirrors the latitudinal gradient \u2014 lower altitudes support greater biodiversity due to warmer temperatures, more resources, greater habitat complexity, and longer growing seasons compared to cold, resource-limited alpine\/subalpine zones. Both are well-supported biogeographic patterns. Both statements are correct.'\n },\n {\n id:113,\n stem:'Aflatoxins are formed by:',\n correct:'Aspergillus flavus',\n options:['Aspergillus flavus','Candida albicans','Cryptococcus neoformans','Coccidioides schenckii'],\n exp:'Aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, G2) are highly toxic, carcinogenic mycotoxins produced by ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS and Aspergillus parasiticus \u2014 moulds that contaminate improperly stored agricultural commodities (groundnuts, maize, sorghum, spices, dried fruits) in warm, humid conditions. Aflatoxin B1 is the most potent natural hepatocarcinogen known. Chronic exposure causes liver cancer; acute high-dose exposure causes aflatoxicosis (acute hepatic failure). Candida albicans is an opportunistic yeast causing candidiasis. Cryptococcus neoformans causes cryptococcal meningitis. Coccidioides is a dimorphic fungus causing valley fever. Aflatoxin = Aspergillus flavus.'\n },\n {\n id:114,\n stem:'Consider the following districts:\\n1. Munnar\\n2. Mandi\\n3. Krishna\\n\\nWhich of the above districts is\/are well known for tea plantations?',\n correct:'1 only',\n options:['3 only','2 and 3 only','1 and 2 only','1 only'],\n exp:'Tea cultivation in India requires specific agroclimatic conditions \u2014 high rainfall, cool temperatures, hilly terrain. Munnar (1) in Idukki district, Kerala \u2014 a premier high-altitude tea growing region (800\u20132000 m), producing Munnar tea; one of the most scenic tea landscapes in India. Mandi (2) is a district in Himachal Pradesh known for horticulture (apples) and hydro power, not tea. Krishna (3) is a district in Andhra Pradesh \u2014 a coastal\/delta district known for agriculture (paddy, sugarcane) and Krishna river, not tea. Only Munnar (1) is well known for tea plantations among these three options.'\n },\n {\n id:115,\n stem:'\\'Fly ash\\' is emitted from:',\n correct:'Thermal power plants',\n options:['Brick kilns','Motor vehicles','Sewage treatment plants','Thermal power plants'],\n exp:'Fly ash is a fine particulate residue produced from the combustion of pulverised COAL in THERMAL POWER PLANTS. When coal burns, the non-combustible mineral matter is converted into ash \u2014 the heavier bottom ash settles at the base of the furnace, while the lighter fly ash is carried up the flue gas stream and collected by electrostatic precipitators or bag filters. India generates over 200 million tonnes of fly ash annually from coal-based power plants. It is used in cement manufacturing, road construction, and brick making. Brick kilns produce smoke\/soot. Motor vehicles produce exhaust particulates. Fly ash is specifically from coal combustion in thermal plants.'\n },\n {\n id:116,\n stem:'Calcium carbide is used:',\n correct:'For fruit ripening',\n options:['As rodent killer','As insecticide','For fruit ripening','For lowering soil salinity'],\n exp:'Calcium carbide (CaC\u2082) reacts with atmospheric moisture to produce acetylene gas (C\u2082H\u2082), which mimics the action of the natural plant hormone ethylene and ARTIFICIALLY RIPENS fruits. It is widely used (illegally in many countries including India under FSSAI regulations) to ripen mangoes, bananas, and papayas artificially \u2014 making fruits ripen within 12\u201324 hours. However, it is hazardous because commercial-grade calcium carbide contains traces of arsenic and phosphorus (from phosphine gas production) which are toxic. FSSAI has banned its use; ethylene gas or Ethrel (ethephon) are the permitted alternatives. Calcium carbide = artificial fruit ripening agent.'\n },\n {\n id:117,\n stem:'With reference to food additives, consider the following statements:\\n1. Benzoic acid and sorbic acid function as antimicrobial agents.\\n2. Citric acid is used to suppress browning of fruits and vegetables.\\n\\nWhich of the statements given above is\/are correct?',\n correct:'Both 1 and 2',\n options:['1 only','2 only','Both 1 and 2','Neither 1 nor 2'],\n exp:'Both statements are correct. (1) Benzoic acid (and sodium benzoate) and sorbic acid (and potassium sorbate) are well-established antimicrobial food preservatives \u2014 they inhibit the growth of moulds, yeasts, and bacteria by disrupting cell membrane function and inhibiting enzyme activity. Benzoic acid is used in soft drinks, jams, and pickles; sorbic acid in cheese, baked goods, and wine. (2) Citric acid is used as an ANTI-BROWNING agent in cut fruits and vegetables \u2014 it reduces pH (creating unfavourable conditions for polyphenol oxidase) and chelates the copper cofactor of the enzyme, thus suppressing enzymatic browning. Both statements are factually correct.'\n },\n {\n id:118,\n stem:'With reference to the use of microorganisms in food processing, consider the following statements:\\n1. Lactic acid bacteria can ferment any monosaccharide or polysaccharide into lactic acid.\\n2. Baker\\'s yeast is manufactured from single cell isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.\\n\\nWhich of the statements given above is\/are correct?',\n correct:'2 only',\n options:['1 only','2 only','Both 1 and 2','Neither 1 nor 2'],\n exp:'Statement 1 is FALSE: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB, e.g., Lactobacillus, Streptococcus thermophilus) ferment MONOSACCHARIDES (glucose, galactose, fructose) and some disaccharides (lactose, sucrose) into lactic acid. They CANNOT ferment complex polysaccharides (starch, cellulose) directly \u2014 these require prior saccharification (breakdown to simple sugars) by amylases before LAB fermentation can occur. Statement 2 is CORRECT: Baker\\'s yeast is produced commercially by selecting and culturing single-cell isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under aerobic, fed-batch fermentation conditions on molasses medium to produce biomass (not alcohol). Only statement 2 is correct.'\n },\n {\n id:119,\n stem:'Which of the following chemicals is\/are used in food preservation?\\n1. Calcium propionate\\n2. Potassium metabisulphite\\n3. Lecithin\\n\\nSelect the correct answer:',\n correct:'1 and 2 only',\n options:['1 and 2 only','3 only','1, 2 and 3','None of them is used in food preservation'],\n exp:'(1) Calcium propionate \u2014 used as an antimould preservative in bread, baked goods, and processed cheese; inhibits mould and some bacterial growth. (2) Potassium metabisulphite (K\u2082S\u2082O\u2085) \u2014 releases SO\u2082 on contact with moisture; used as an antimicrobial and antioxidant preservative in wines, dried fruits, and fruit juices. Both are recognised food preservatives. (3) Lecithin \u2014 is an EMULSIFIER (phospholipid from soy or eggs), not a food preservative. It stabilises oil-water emulsions in chocolate, mayonnaise, and margarine. Lecithin has no antimicrobial or antioxidant preservative function. Only 1 and 2 are food preservatives; lecithin is not.'\n },\n {\n id:120,\n stem:'What is \\'M-cessation\\', sometimes seen in news?',\n correct:'An initiative to help tobacco users to quit tobacco',\n options:['An initiative to help tobacco users to quit tobacco','A mobile phone service that delivers audio messages on pregnancy, child birth and child care','An app to learn all the methods of cashless financial transactions','A government initiative to eradicate the availability of narcotics to the general public'],\n exp:'M-Cessation is a mobile-based tobacco cessation programme launched by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, in partnership with WHO India and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). It is an mHealth initiative that provides personalised, structured quit-tobacco support through text messages \u2014 helping smokers and smokeless tobacco users quit through regular motivational messages, coping tips, and information about craving management. Registered users receive tailored messages over an 8-week programme. It is specifically designed to help tobacco users QUIT TOBACCO through mobile technology.'\n }\n ];\n\n function shuffle(arr){const a=[...arr];for(let i=a.length-1;i>0;i--){const j=Math.floor(Math.random()*(i+1));[a[i],a[j]]=[a[j],a[i]];}return a;}\n const LETTERS=['A','B','C','D'];\n let userAnswers={},answered=0,shuffledOpts={};\n let timerRunning=false,timerRemaining=TIMER_SECS,timerInterval=null,graceInterval=null;\n let quizSubmitted=false;\n\n function fmtTime(s){const m=Math.floor(s\/60),sec=s%60;return String(m).padStart(2,'0')+':'+String(sec).padStart(2,'0');}\n function startTimer(){\n if(timerRunning||quizSubmitted)return;timerRunning=true;\n const btn=document.getElementById(NS+'-timer-btn');\n btn.textContent='\u23f1 '+fmtTime(timerRemaining);btn.classList.add('running');\n document.getElementById(NS+'-timer-item').classList.add('active');\n timerInterval=setInterval(function(){\n timerRemaining--;const disp=fmtTime(timerRemaining);\n document.getElementById(NS+'-timer-display').textContent=disp;btn.textContent='\u23f1 '+disp;\n if(timerRemaining<=300)document.getElementById(NS+'-timer-item').classList.add('warning');\n if(timerRemaining<=0){clearInterval(timerInterval);timerInterval=null;triggerGrace();}\n },1000);\n }\n function stopTimer(){if(timerInterval){clearInterval(timerInterval);timerInterval=null;}timerRunning=false;}\n function triggerGrace(){\n if(quizSubmitted)return;let g=GRACE_SECS;\n document.getElementById(NS+'-grace-count').textContent=g;\n document.getElementById(NS+'-grace').classList.add('show');\n graceInterval=setInterval(function(){g--;document.getElementById(NS+'-grace-count').textContent=g;if(g<=0){clearInterval(graceInterval);dismissGrace();showScore();}},1000);\n }\n function dismissGrace(){document.getElementById(NS+'-grace').classList.remove('show');if(graceInterval){clearInterval(graceInterval);graceInterval=null;}}\n function build(){\n const container=document.getElementById(NS+'-questions');\n container.innerHTML='';userAnswers={};answered=0;shuffledOpts={};\n quizSubmitted=false;timerRunning=false;timerRemaining=TIMER_SECS;\n stopTimer();if(graceInterval){clearInterval(graceInterval);graceInterval=null;}dismissGrace();\n document.getElementById(NS+'-score').style.display='none';\n document.getElementById(NS+'-timer-item').classList.remove('active','warning');\n const btn=document.getElementById(NS+'-timer-btn');\n btn.textContent='\u23f1 Start Timed Mode';btn.classList.remove('running');\n document.getElementById(NS+'-timer-display').textContent=fmtTime(TIMER_SECS);\n updateStats();\n QUESTIONS.forEach(function(q){\n const opts=shuffle(q.options);shuffledOpts[q.id]=opts;\n const card=document.createElement('div');card.className='cq-card';\n card.innerHTML='<div class=\"cq-qhead\"><div class=\"cq-qnum\" id=\"'+NS+'-n'+q.id+'\">'+q.id+'<\/div><div class=\"cq-qtext\">'+q.stem.replace(\/\\n\/g,'<br>')+'<\/div><\/div><div class=\"cq-options\" id=\"'+NS+'-opts'+q.id+'\">'+opts.map(function(o,i){return '<div class=\"cq-opt\" id=\"'+NS+'-o'+q.id+'-'+i+'\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\"><span class=\"cq-opt-letter\">'+LETTERS[i]+'<\/span><span class=\"cq-opt-text\">'+o+'<\/span><\/div>';}).join('')+'<\/div><div class=\"cq-explanation\" id=\"'+NS+'-exp'+q.id+'\"><div class=\"cq-exp-label\">Explanation<\/div>'+q.exp+'<\/div>';\n container.appendChild(card);\n opts.forEach(function(_,i){document.getElementById(NS+'-o'+q.id+'-'+i).addEventListener('click',function(){pick(q.id,i);});});\n });\n }\n function pick(qid,oi){\n if(userAnswers[qid]!==undefined||quizSubmitted)return;\n const q=QUESTIONS.find(function(x){return x.id===qid;});\n const opts=shuffledOpts[qid];const correct=opts[oi]===q.correct;\n userAnswers[qid]=correct?'correct':'wrong';answered++;\n opts.forEach(function(o,i){const el=document.getElementById(NS+'-o'+qid+'-'+i);if(o===q.correct)el.classList.add('cq-correct','cq-locked');else if(i===oi)el.classList.add('cq-wrong','cq-locked');else el.classList.add('cq-dimmed','cq-locked');});\n document.getElementById(NS+'-n'+qid).classList.add(correct?'ans-c':'ans-w');\n document.getElementById(NS+'-exp'+qid).style.display='block';\n updateStats();\n }\n function updateStats(){\n const c=Object.values(userAnswers).filter(function(v){return v==='correct';}).length;\n const w=Object.values(userAnswers).filter(function(v){return v==='wrong';}).length;\n const net=(c*4)-w;\n document.getElementById(NS+'-sc').textContent=c;document.getElementById(NS+'-sw').textContent=w;\n document.getElementById(NS+'-sr').textContent=TOTAL-answered;\n document.getElementById(NS+'-sn').textContent=net>=0?'+'+net:net;\n document.getElementById(NS+'-sm').textContent=MAX;\n document.getElementById(NS+'-fill').style.width=(answered\/TOTAL*100)+'%';\n }\n function showScore(){\n if(quizSubmitted)return;quizSubmitted=true;stopTimer();\n document.getElementById(NS+'-timer-btn').textContent='\u23f1 Submitted';document.getElementById(NS+'-timer-btn').classList.remove('running');\n const c=Object.values(userAnswers).filter(function(v){return v==='correct';}).length;\n const w=Object.values(userAnswers).filter(function(v){return v==='wrong';}).length;\n const s=TOTAL-answered,net=(c*4)-w;\n const pct=Math.max(0,Math.round((net\/MAX)*100));const disp=Math.min(100,Math.max(0,pct));\n document.getElementById(NS+'-ring').style.background='conic-gradient(var(--teal) '+disp+'%,var(--line) 0%)';\n document.getElementById(NS+'-ring-pct').textContent=pct+'%';\n document.getElementById(NS+'-net-line').textContent='Net Score: '+net+' \/ '+MAX;\n const v=pct>=80?'Excellent \u2014 well above the qualifying threshold.':pct>=60?'Good attempt \u2014 consolidate the weaker areas.':pct>=40?'Fair \u2014 systematic revision of these topics is recommended.':'Needs significant revision across these topics.';\n document.getElementById(NS+'-verdict').textContent=v;\n document.getElementById(NS+'-ct-c').textContent='\u2705 '+c+' Correct';document.getElementById(NS+'-ct-w').textContent='\u274c '+w+' Wrong';document.getElementById(NS+'-ct-s').textContent='\u23ed '+s+' Skipped';\n const sc=document.getElementById(NS+'-score');sc.style.display='block';sc.scrollIntoView({behavior:'smooth',block:'center'});\n }\n function init(){\n document.getElementById(NS+'-grace-now').addEventListener('click',function(){dismissGrace();showScore();});\n document.getElementById(NS+'-timer-btn').addEventListener('click',function(){if(!timerRunning&&!quizSubmitted)startTimer();});\n document.getElementById(NS+'-submit').addEventListener('click',showScore);\n document.getElementById(NS+'-retry').addEventListener('click',function(){build();window.scrollTo({top:0,behavior:'smooth'});});\n new IntersectionObserver(function(entries){document.getElementById(NS+'-statusbar').classList.toggle('visible',!entries[0].isIntersecting);},{threshold:0}).observe(document.getElementById(NS+'-sentinel'));\n build();updateStats();\n }\n if(document.readyState==='loading'){document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',init);}else{init();}\n})();\n<\/script>\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CMS 2017 Paper I \u2013 Part C (Q81\u2013Q120) \u23f1 40:00 \u2705 0 \u274c 0 \u23f3 40 left Net 0 \/ 160 Time's Up! Submitting in 10 Submit Now Combined Medical Services Examination 2017Paper I \u00b7 Part C Paediatrics \u00b7 General Studies \u00b7 Environment \u00b7 Food Science \u00b7 Polity Questions 81 \u2013 120 Options reshuffled \u23f1 Start Timed Mode Submit Answers 0% score Your… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36773","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cms"],"yoast_head":"\n<title>CMS 2017 P1 Part-C - atsixty<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/05\/07\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"CMS 2017 P1 Part-C - atsixty\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"CMS 2017 Paper I \u2013 Part C (Q81\u2013Q120) \u23f1 40:00 \u2705 0 \u274c 0 \u23f3 40 left Net 0 \/ 160 Time's Up! Submitting in 10 Submit Now Combined Medical Services Examination 2017Paper I \u00b7 Part C Paediatrics \u00b7 General Studies \u00b7 Environment \u00b7 Food Science \u00b7 Polity Questions 81 \u2013 120 Options reshuffled \u23f1 Start Timed Mode Submit Answers 0% score Your… \" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/05\/07\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"atsixty\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-05-06T23:23:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-05-06T23:23:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Avi\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Avi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/index.php\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/07\\\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/index.php\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/07\\\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Avi\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/cf65e7ac7d8226d95c0bdf1036f7951d\"},\"headline\":\"CMS 2017 P1 Part-C\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-05-06T23:23:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-05-06T23:23:53+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/index.php\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/07\\\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":57,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/cf65e7ac7d8226d95c0bdf1036f7951d\"},\"articleSection\":[\"CMS\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/index.php\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/07\\\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/index.php\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/07\\\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/index.php\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/07\\\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\\\/\",\"name\":\"CMS 2017 P1 Part-C - atsixty\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-05-06T23:23:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-05-06T23:23:53+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/index.php\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/07\\\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/index.php\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/07\\\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/index.php\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/07\\\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"CMS 2017 P1 Part-C\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"At Sixty\",\"description\":\"The Option Taken\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/cf65e7ac7d8226d95c0bdf1036f7951d\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":[\"Person\",\"Organization\"],\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/cf65e7ac7d8226d95c0bdf1036f7951d\",\"name\":\"Avi\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/logo-agency.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/logo-agency.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/logo-agency.png\",\"width\":200,\"height\":200,\"caption\":\"Avi\"},\"logo\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/logo-agency.png\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/index.php\\\/author\\\/avinaux\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n","yoast_head_json":{"title":"CMS 2017 P1 Part-C - atsixty","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/05\/07\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"CMS 2017 P1 Part-C - atsixty","og_description":"CMS 2017 Paper I \u2013 Part C (Q81\u2013Q120) \u23f1 40:00 \u2705 0 \u274c 0 \u23f3 40 left Net 0 \/ 160 Time's Up! Submitting in 10 Submit Now Combined Medical Services Examination 2017Paper I \u00b7 Part C Paediatrics \u00b7 General Studies \u00b7 Environment \u00b7 Food Science \u00b7 Polity Questions 81 \u2013 120 Options reshuffled \u23f1 Start Timed Mode Submit Answers 0% score Your… ","og_url":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/05\/07\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\/","og_site_name":"atsixty","article_published_time":"2026-05-06T23:23:24+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-05-06T23:23:53+00:00","author":"Avi","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Avi","Est. reading time":"1 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/05\/07\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/05\/07\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\/"},"author":{"name":"Avi","@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/#\/schema\/person\/cf65e7ac7d8226d95c0bdf1036f7951d"},"headline":"CMS 2017 P1 Part-C","datePublished":"2026-05-06T23:23:24+00:00","dateModified":"2026-05-06T23:23:53+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/05\/07\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\/"},"wordCount":57,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/#\/schema\/person\/cf65e7ac7d8226d95c0bdf1036f7951d"},"articleSection":["CMS"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/05\/07\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/05\/07\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\/","url":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/05\/07\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\/","name":"CMS 2017 P1 Part-C - atsixty","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/#website"},"datePublished":"2026-05-06T23:23:24+00:00","dateModified":"2026-05-06T23:23:53+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/05\/07\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/05\/07\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/05\/07\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"CMS 2017 P1 Part-C"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/","name":"At Sixty","description":"The Option Taken","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/#\/schema\/person\/cf65e7ac7d8226d95c0bdf1036f7951d"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":["Person","Organization"],"@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/#\/schema\/person\/cf65e7ac7d8226d95c0bdf1036f7951d","name":"Avi","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/logo-agency.png","url":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/logo-agency.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/logo-agency.png","width":200,"height":200,"caption":"Avi"},"logo":{"@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/logo-agency.png"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/atsixty.com"],"url":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/author\/avinaux\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36773","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36773"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36773\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":36774,"href":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36773\/revisions\/36774"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36773"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36773"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36773"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}

{"id":36773,"date":"2026-05-07T04:53:24","date_gmt":"2026-05-06T23:23:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/?p=36773"},"modified":"2026-05-07T04:53:53","modified_gmt":"2026-05-06T23:23:53","slug":"cms-2017-p1-part-c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/05\/07\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\/","title":{"rendered":"CMS 2017 P1 Part-C"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCMS 2017 Paper I \u2013 Part C (Q81\u2013Q120)<\/title>\n<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Playfair+Display:wght@600;700&family=Source+Serif+4:ital,wght@0,300;0,400;0,600;1,400&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n<style>\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Namespace: cms17p1c \u2500\u2500 *\/\n#cms17p1c *,#cms17p1c *::before,#cms17p1c *::after{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}\n#cms17p1c{\n --ter:#C0603A;--ter-light:#e8825f;--ter-pale:#fdf1ec;\n --teal:#2A7A6F;--teal-light:#3da394;--teal-pale:#eaf4f3;\n --ink:#1a1a1a;--ink-mid:#444;--ink-soft:#777;\n --line:#e0d8d4;--bg:#fdfaf8;--white:#ffffff;\n --correct:#1e6f46;--correct-bg:#eaf7ef;--correct-border:#43a047;\n --wrong:#b83232;--wrong-bg:#fdf0f0;--wrong-border:#e53935;\n --radius:10px;\n font-family:'Source Serif 4',Georgia,serif;\n font-size:16px;color:var(--ink);background:var(--bg);\n line-height:1.7;padding:0 0 48px;\n}\n#cms17p1c .cq-sentinel{height:1px}\n#cms17p1c .cq-statusbar{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;right:0;z-index:99999;background:var(--white);border-bottom:2px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--ter);box-shadow:0 2px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.11);opacity:0;pointer-events:none;transform:translateY(-110%);transition:opacity 0.22s ease,transform 0.22s ease;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-statusbar.visible{opacity:1;pointer-events:auto;transform:translateY(0)}\n#cms17p1c .cq-sb-stats{display:flex;align-items:center;padding:0.38rem 0.7rem;font-size:0.73rem;color:var(--ink-soft);}\n#cms17p1c .cq-sb-item{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:0.18rem;padding:0.1rem 0.5rem;border-right:1px solid var(--line);white-space:nowrap;line-height:1;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-sb-item:last-child{border-right:none}\n#cms17p1c .cq-sb-item strong{color:var(--ink);font-size:0.8rem;font-weight:700}\n#cms17p1c .cq-sb-sep{flex:1}\n#cms17p1c .cq-sb-progress{height:4px;background:var(--line);overflow:hidden}\n#cms17p1c .cq-sb-fill{height:100%;background:linear-gradient(90deg,var(--ter),var(--teal));width:0%;transition:width 0.4s ease;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-timer-item{display:none;align-items:center;gap:0.18rem;padding:0.1rem 0.5rem;border-right:1px solid var(--line);white-space:nowrap;line-height:1;font-size:0.73rem;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-timer-item.active{display:flex}\n#cms17p1c .cq-timer-item strong{font-size:0.8rem;font-weight:700;color:var(--teal);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}\n#cms17p1c .cq-timer-item.warning strong{color:var(--wrong)}\n#cms17p1c .cq-grace{display:none;position:fixed;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;z-index:999999;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);align-items:center;justify-content:center;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-grace.show{display:flex}\n#cms17p1c .cq-grace-box{background:var(--white);border-radius:12px;border-top:5px solid var(--wrong);padding:32px 28px;text-align:center;max-width:320px;width:90%;box-shadow:0 8px 40px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);}\n#cms17p1c .cq-grace-box h3{font-family:'Playfair Display',serif;font-size:1.2rem;color:var(--wrong);margin-bottom:10px;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-grace-box p{font-size:0.88rem;color:var(--ink-mid);margin-bottom:18px;line-height:1.55}\n#cms17p1c .cq-grace-count{font-family:'Playfair Display',serif;font-size:2.8rem;font-weight:700;color:var(--wrong);line-height:1;margin-bottom:18px;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-grace-btn{background:var(--wrong);color:#fff;border:none;border-radius:8px;padding:10px 24px;font-family:'Playfair Display',serif;font-size:0.95rem;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;transition:background 0.2s;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-grace-btn:hover{background:#c62828}\n#cms17p1c .cq-header{background:var(--teal);color:var(--white);padding:28px 24px 22px;text-align:center;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-header h1{font-family:'Playfair Display',serif;font-size:1.45rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:0.01em;line-height:1.3;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-header p{font-size:0.85rem;opacity:0.85;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic}\n#cms17p1c .cq-meta{display:flex;justify-content:center;gap:16px;margin-top:14px;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center}\n#cms17p1c .cq-badge{background:rgba(255,255,255,0.15);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.3);border-radius:20px;padding:4px 14px;font-size:0.78rem;letter-spacing:0.03em;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-timer-btn{background:transparent;border:1.5px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.7);color:var(--white);border-radius:20px;padding:4px 14px;font-family:'Source Serif 4',serif;font-size:0.78rem;cursor:pointer;letter-spacing:0.03em;transition:background 0.2s,border-color 0.2s;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-timer-btn:hover{background:rgba(255,255,255,0.15)}\n#cms17p1c .cq-timer-btn.running{background:rgba(255,255,255,0.2);border-color:var(--white);}\n#cms17p1c .cq-body{max-width:760px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 16px}\n#cms17p1c .cq-card{background:var(--white);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);margin:24px 0;overflow:hidden;transition:box-shadow 0.2s;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-card:hover{box-shadow:0 2px 12px rgba(192,96,58,0.1)}\n#cms17p1c .cq-qhead{background:var(--ter-pale);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:14px 18px;display:flex;gap:12px;align-items:flex-start;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-qnum{flex-shrink:0;width:26px;height:26px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--ter);color:#fff;font-size:0.72rem;font-weight:700;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;margin-top:2px;transition:background 0.2s;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-qnum.ans-c{background:var(--correct-border)}\n#cms17p1c .cq-qnum.ans-w{background:var(--wrong-border)}\n#cms17p1c .cq-qtext{font-size:0.93rem;color:var(--ink);line-height:1.65}\n#cms17p1c .cq-options{padding:14px 18px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:8px}\n#cms17p1c .cq-opt{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:10px;padding:10px 14px;border:1.5px solid var(--line);border-radius:8px;cursor:pointer;transition:border-color 0.15s,background 0.15s;background:var(--white);-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-opt:hover:not(.cq-locked){border-color:var(--teal);background:var(--teal-pale)}\n#cms17p1c .cq-opt-letter{flex-shrink:0;width:20px;height:20px;border-radius:50%;border:1.5px solid var(--line);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;font-size:0.65rem;font-weight:700;color:var(--ink-soft);transition:all 0.15s;margin-top:1px;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-opt-text{font-size:0.89rem;color:var(--ink-mid);line-height:1.55}\n#cms17p1c .cq-opt.cq-correct{border-color:var(--correct-border);background:var(--correct-bg);cursor:default}\n#cms17p1c .cq-opt.cq-correct .cq-opt-letter{background:var(--correct-border);border-color:var(--correct-border);color:#fff}\n#cms17p1c .cq-opt.cq-correct .cq-opt-text{color:var(--correct);font-weight:600}\n#cms17p1c .cq-opt.cq-wrong{border-color:var(--wrong-border);background:var(--wrong-bg);cursor:default}\n#cms17p1c .cq-opt.cq-wrong .cq-opt-letter{background:var(--wrong-border);border-color:var(--wrong-border);color:#fff}\n#cms17p1c .cq-opt.cq-wrong .cq-opt-text{color:var(--wrong)}\n#cms17p1c .cq-opt.cq-dimmed{opacity:0.42;cursor:default}\n#cms17p1c .cq-opt.cq-locked{cursor:default}\n#cms17p1c .cq-explanation{display:none;background:var(--teal-pale);border-top:1px solid #b2d8d3;padding:10px 18px 12px;font-size:0.82rem;color:#1a4f49;line-height:1.62;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-exp-label{font-size:0.7rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:0.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--teal);margin-bottom:4px;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-submit-wrap{text-align:center;padding:28px 16px 8px}\n#cms17p1c .cq-btn{background:var(--teal);color:var(--white);border:none;border-radius:8px;padding:13px 36px;font-family:'Playfair Display',serif;font-size:1rem;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;letter-spacing:0.02em;transition:background 0.2s,transform 0.1s;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-btn:hover{background:var(--teal-light)}\n#cms17p1c .cq-btn:active{transform:scale(0.98)}\n#cms17p1c .cq-score{display:none;background:var(--white);border:2px solid var(--teal);border-radius:var(--radius);margin:28px 0 0;padding:28px 24px;text-align:center;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-score-ring{width:110px;height:110px;border-radius:50%;background:conic-gradient(var(--teal) 0%,var(--line) 0%);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;margin:0 auto 20px;position:relative;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-score-ring::before{content:'';position:absolute;width:86px;height:86px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--white);}\n#cms17p1c .cq-ring-inner{position:relative;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;line-height:1.2}\n#cms17p1c .cq-ring-pct{font-family:'Playfair Display',serif;font-size:1.3rem;font-weight:700;color:var(--teal)}\n#cms17p1c .cq-ring-sub{font-size:0.6rem;color:var(--ink-soft);text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.05em}\n#cms17p1c .cq-score h2{font-family:'Playfair Display',serif;font-size:1.2rem;color:var(--ink);margin-bottom:8px}\n#cms17p1c .cq-net-line{font-size:1rem;color:var(--teal);font-weight:600;margin-bottom:6px}\n#cms17p1c .cq-verdict{font-size:0.85rem;color:var(--ink-soft);margin-bottom:20px}\n#cms17p1c .cq-score-bands{display:flex;justify-content:center;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:0.8rem}\n#cms17p1c .cq-band{padding:4px 12px;border-radius:16px;font-weight:600}\n#cms17p1c .cq-band-c{background:var(--correct-bg);color:var(--correct)}\n#cms17p1c .cq-band-w{background:var(--wrong-bg);color:var(--wrong)}\n#cms17p1c .cq-band-s{background:var(--teal-pale);color:var(--teal)}\n#cms17p1c .cq-retry-btn{margin-top:22px;background:transparent;border:2px solid var(--teal);color:var(--teal);border-radius:8px;padding:10px 28px;font-family:'Playfair Display',serif;font-size:0.95rem;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;transition:background 0.2s,color 0.2s;}\n#cms17p1c .cq-retry-btn:hover{background:var(--teal);color:var(--white)}\n@media(max-width:480px){\n #cms17p1c .cq-header h1{font-size:1.15rem}\n #cms17p1c .cq-qtext{font-size:0.88rem}\n #cms17p1c .cq-opt-text{font-size:0.84rem}\n}\n<\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n<div id=\"cms17p1c\">\n <div class=\"cq-sentinel\" id=\"cms17p1c-sentinel\"><\/div>\n <div class=\"cq-statusbar\" id=\"cms17p1c-statusbar\">\n <div class=\"cq-sb-stats\">\n <div class=\"cq-timer-item\" id=\"cms17p1c-timer-item\">\u23f1 <strong id=\"cms17p1c-timer-display\">40:00<\/strong><\/div>\n <div class=\"cq-sb-item\">\u2705 <strong id=\"cms17p1c-sc\">0<\/strong><\/div>\n <div class=\"cq-sb-item\">\u274c <strong id=\"cms17p1c-sw\">0<\/strong><\/div>\n <div class=\"cq-sb-item\">\u23f3 <strong id=\"cms17p1c-sr\">40<\/strong> left<\/div>\n <div class=\"cq-sb-sep\"><\/div>\n <div class=\"cq-sb-item\">Net <strong id=\"cms17p1c-sn\">0<\/strong> \/ <strong id=\"cms17p1c-sm\">160<\/strong><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"cq-sb-progress\"><div class=\"cq-sb-fill\" id=\"cms17p1c-fill\"><\/div><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"cq-grace\" id=\"cms17p1c-grace\">\n <div class=\"cq-grace-box\">\n <h3>Time's Up!<\/h3>\n <p>Submitting in<\/p>\n <div class=\"cq-grace-count\" id=\"cms17p1c-grace-count\">10<\/div>\n <button class=\"cq-grace-btn\" id=\"cms17p1c-grace-now\">Submit Now<\/button>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"cq-header\">\n <h1>Combined Medical Services Examination 2017<br>Paper I \u00b7 Part C<\/h1>\n <p>Paediatrics \u00b7 General Studies \u00b7 Environment \u00b7 Food Science \u00b7 Polity<\/p>\n <div class=\"cq-meta\">\n <span class=\"cq-badge\">Questions 81 \u2013 120<\/span>\n <span class=\"cq-badge\">Options reshuffled<\/span>\n <button class=\"cq-timer-btn\" id=\"cms17p1c-timer-btn\">\u23f1 Start Timed Mode<\/button>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"cq-body\">\n <div id=\"cms17p1c-questions\"><\/div>\n <div class=\"cq-submit-wrap\">\n <button class=\"cq-btn\" id=\"cms17p1c-submit\">Submit Answers<\/button>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"cq-score\" id=\"cms17p1c-score\">\n <div class=\"cq-score-ring\" id=\"cms17p1c-ring\">\n <div class=\"cq-ring-inner\">\n <span class=\"cq-ring-pct\" id=\"cms17p1c-ring-pct\">0%<\/span>\n <span class=\"cq-ring-sub\">score<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <h2>Your Result<\/h2>\n <div class=\"cq-net-line\" id=\"cms17p1c-net-line\"><\/div>\n <div class=\"cq-verdict\" id=\"cms17p1c-verdict\"><\/div>\n <div class=\"cq-score-bands\">\n <span class=\"cq-band cq-band-c\" id=\"cms17p1c-ct-c\"><\/span>\n <span class=\"cq-band cq-band-w\" id=\"cms17p1c-ct-w\"><\/span>\n <span class=\"cq-band cq-band-s\" id=\"cms17p1c-ct-s\"><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <button class=\"cq-retry-btn\" id=\"cms17p1c-retry\">\u21ba Retry Quiz<\/button>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<script>\n(function(){\n 'use strict';\n const NS='cms17p1c', TOTAL=40, MAX=TOTAL*4;\n const TIMER_SECS=40*60, GRACE_SECS=10;\n\n const QUESTIONS=[\n {\n id:81,\n stem:'A seven-year-old boy presents with acute onset of mild intermittent pain in the right groin and a limp. Abduction and internal rotation of the hip were restricted on the affected side. There was no fever. Radiographs of the pelvis were normal. The most likely diagnosis is:',\n correct:'Transient monoarticular synovitis',\n options:['Transient monoarticular synovitis','Legg-Calv\u00e9-Perthes disease','Slipped capital femoral epiphysis','Osteochondritis dissecans'],\n exp:'Transient synovitis (irritable hip) is the most common cause of acute hip pain and limp in children aged 3\u201310 years. Features: acute onset, mild-to-moderate groin\/hip pain, restricted internal rotation and abduction, and NORMAL radiographs (unlike Perthes which shows flattening of femoral head on X-ray). No fever (distinguishes from septic arthritis). Settles spontaneously in 1\u20134 weeks with rest. Legg-Calv\u00e9-Perthes shows AVN changes on X-ray. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis typically affects obese adolescents and shows Klein\\'s line disruption. Normal X-ray + no fever + acute onset = transient synovitis.'\n },\n {\n id:82,\n stem:'A child is brought with history of ingestion of an unknown substance. On examination the child has excess salivation, lacrimation, miosis, gastrointestinal cramps and emesis. What was the most likely substance ingested?',\n correct:'Carbamates',\n options:['Carbamates','Phenothiazines','Opioids','Tricyclic antidepressants'],\n exp:'The SLUDGE\/DUMBELS syndrome \u2014 Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, GI cramps, Emesis + miosis \u2014 is the classic cholinergic toxidrome from acetylcholinesterase inhibition. Carbamates (and organophosphates) inhibit acetylcholinesterase \u2192 excess ACh at muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. Carbamates cause reversible inhibition (self-limiting). Opioids cause miosis but also cause CNS\/respiratory depression and NO hypersecretion. Phenothiazines cause anticholinergic effects (mydriasis, dry mouth). Tricyclics cause anticholinergic + sodium channel blockade. SLUDGE = cholinesterase inhibitor (carbamate or organophosphate).'\n },\n {\n id:83,\n stem:'A term newborn presents with respiratory failure refractory to mechanical ventilation, surfactant replacement therapy, glucocorticoid administration and extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation. The most likely diagnosis is:',\n correct:'Surfactant Protein B deficiency',\n options:['Surfactant Protein B deficiency','Primary ciliary dyskinesia','Persistent tachypnoea of infancy','Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis'],\n exp:'Surfactant Protein B (SP-B) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder causing lethal neonatal respiratory failure. SP-B is essential for surfactant function \u2014 without it, no amount of exogenous surfactant, ventilation, steroids, or ECMO can sustain life. The disease is uniformly fatal without lung transplantation. It presents as term newborn respiratory failure unresponsive to ALL standard therapies \u2014 this resistance to ECMO is the pathognomonic clue. Primary ciliary dyskinesia causes chronic respiratory infections, not acute neonatal failure. Transient tachypnoea of newborn is self-limiting. SP-B deficiency is the diagnosis when everything fails.'\n },\n {\n id:84,\n stem:'A child after snake bite develops petechiae and ecchymosis on the skin. In addition, the child develops bleeding from the venepuncture site and oliguria. The most likely snake species is:',\n correct:'Pit viper',\n options:['Pit viper','Cobra','Mamba','Python'],\n exp:'Viperine snakes (pit vipers, Russell\\'s viper, saw-scaled viper) produce haemotoxic venom containing phospholipases, metalloproteinases, and procoagulants\/anticoagulants. They cause: local tissue destruction, consumptive coagulopathy (DIC-like) \u2192 petechiae, ecchymoses, bleeding from puncture sites \u2192 disseminated bleeding. Renal involvement (oliguria \u2192 AKI) is characteristic of Russell\\'s viper envenomation in India. Elapids (cobra, mamba) produce primarily neurotoxic venom \u2192 ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, respiratory failure \u2014 NOT coagulopathy. Python is non-venomous. Haemotoxic syndrome = viper envenomation.'\n },\n {\n id:85,\n stem:'A six-year-old boy presents with short neck, low hairline and restriction of neck movements. The child also has Sprengel anomaly, scoliosis, and fused cervical vertebrae. The most likely diagnosis is:',\n correct:'Klippel-Feil syndrome',\n options:['Atlantoaxial instability','Klippel-Feil syndrome','Noonan syndrome','Sandifer syndrome'],\n exp:'Klippel-Feil syndrome is defined by the triad: (1) short neck, (2) low posterior hairline, (3) restricted neck movements \u2014 caused by congenital fusion (synostosis) of two or more cervical vertebrae. Associated anomalies: Sprengel deformity (elevated, undescended scapula \u2014 in ~30%), scoliosis, renal anomalies, cardiac defects, and hearing loss. The question gives all three classic features + Sprengel anomaly + scoliosis + fused cervical vertebrae = Klippel-Feil. Atlantoaxial instability causes different symptoms. Noonan has webbed neck but normal vertebrae. Sandifer involves abnormal neck posturing with GORD.'\n },\n {\n id:86,\n stem:'A 10-year-old boy presents with recurrent bouts of nasal congestion, itching, sneezing, clear rhinorrhoea and conjunctival irritation. On examination he has conjunctival hyperaemia, allergic gape and a transverse nasal crease. Which of the following drugs is preferred for management?',\n correct:'Fluticasone',\n options:['Diphenhydramine','Fluticasone','Cetirizine','Ipratropium bromide'],\n exp:'This child has ALLERGIC RHINITIS \u2014 perennial or seasonal, with classical features: sneezing, clear rhinorrhoea, nasal congestion, itching, conjunctival irritation, allergic gape (mouth breathing), and allergic nasal crease (transverse crease from \"allergic salute\"). Current evidence-based guidelines (ARIA) recommend INTRANASAL CORTICOSTEROIDS (fluticasone, mometasone, budesonide) as the FIRST-LINE treatment for moderate-to-severe and persistent allergic rhinitis \u2014 they address all nasal symptoms including congestion (unlike antihistamines). Diphenhydramine is a sedating 1st-generation antihistamine (suboptimal). Cetirizine is non-sedating antihistamine (2nd line). Ipratropium controls rhinorrhoea only. Fluticasone nasal spray is preferred.'\n },\n {\n id:87,\n stem:'A two-year-old child presents with partial albinism and susceptibility to infection. Peripheral smear examination reveals giant peroxidase-positive lysosomal granules in granulocytes. The most likely diagnosis is:',\n correct:'Chediak-Higashi syndrome',\n options:['Angelman syndrome','Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome','Waardenburg syndrome','Chediak-Higashi syndrome'],\n exp:'Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) is an autosomal recessive disorder of lysosomal trafficking (LYST gene mutation). Classic triad: (1) Partial oculocutaneous albinism (reduced pigment \u2014 silver hair, light skin), (2) Recurrent pyogenic infections (neutrophil killing defect \u2014 impaired chemotaxis and degranulation), (3) Giant peroxidase-positive azurophilic granules in neutrophils\/lymphocytes on peripheral smear \u2014 PATHOGNOMONIC. Accelerated phase: haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Hermansky-Pudlak also has albinism but no giant granules. Waardenburg = deafness + heterochromia iridis. Angelman = \"happy puppet\" syndrome. Giant granules = CHS.'\n },\n {\n id:88,\n stem:'A one-year-old child on exclusive milk feeds presents with constipation. On examination there is no faecal impaction. What is the next step in management?',\n correct:'Increasing intake of vegetables and cereals',\n options:['Oral lactulose','Increasing intake of vegetables and cereals','Colonic enemas using polyethylene glycol','Milk of Magnesia'],\n exp:'Constipation in a one-year-old on EXCLUSIVE MILK FEEDS has a clear dietary cause \u2014 milk is low in fibre and high in calcium\/protein, which promotes firm stools. The appropriate first-line management is DIETARY MODIFICATION: introducing age-appropriate vegetables, fruits, and cereals to provide dietary fibre, promote water absorption in the colon, and improve stool consistency. No faecal impaction means no need for immediate disimpaction with enemas or osmotic agents. Lactulose and Milk of Magnesia (pharmacological agents) should only be introduced if dietary measures fail. Age-appropriate dietary diversification is the correct first step.'\n },\n {\n id:89,\n stem:'A six-year-old boy presents with generalised seizure disorder and hypopigmented skin lesions. On examination he has tiny red nodules over the nose and cheeks. The most likely diagnosis is:',\n correct:'Tuberous sclerosis',\n options:['Tuberous sclerosis','Sturge-Weber disease','PHACE syndrome','Neurofibromatosis'],\n exp:'Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) \u2014 neurocutaneous (phakomatosis) syndrome with the classic triad: (1) Seizures (cortical tubers), (2) intellectual disability, (3) skin lesions. The hypopigmented macules (ash-leaf spots) are the earliest cutaneous sign. The \"tiny red nodules over nose and cheeks\" are ANGIOFIBROMAS (adenoma sebaceum) \u2014 pathognomonic of TSC, appearing after age 2\u20135 years. Also: shagreen patches, periungual fibromas, subependymal giant cell astrocytomas, renal angiomyolipomas. Sturge-Weber = port-wine stain + seizures (no angiofibromas). Neurofibromatosis = caf\u00e9-au-lait spots + neurofibromas. TSC = angiofibromas + ash-leaf spots + seizures.'\n },\n {\n id:90,\n stem:'Which of the following can cause bilateral sensorineural hearing loss?',\n correct:'Loop diuretics',\n options:['Histiocytosis','Cholesteatoma','Loop diuretics','Glomus tumours'],\n exp:'Bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is caused by cochlear or auditory nerve damage. Loop diuretics (furosemide, ethacrynic acid) are OTOTOXIC \u2014 they damage the stria vascularis of the cochlea, causing dose-dependent, potentially irreversible bilateral SNHL (especially at high doses in renal failure). Other ototoxic agents: aminoglycosides, cisplatin, quinine. Cholesteatoma and glomus tumours cause conductive hearing loss (middle ear\/ossicular involvement) \u2014 typically unilateral. Histiocytosis may cause skull base lesions but SNHL is not a classic feature. Loop diuretics are the classic pharmacological cause of bilateral SNHL.'\n },\n {\n id:91,\n stem:'The joint sitting of Parliament for transacting legislative business is presided over by:',\n correct:'The Speaker of Lok Sabha',\n options:['The President of India','The Vice President of India','The Prime Minister of India','The Speaker of Lok Sabha'],\n exp:'Under Article 108 of the Indian Constitution, a joint sitting of both Houses of Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) is summoned by the President in case of deadlock between the Houses on a Bill. However, the joint sitting is PRESIDED OVER by the SPEAKER OF LOK SABHA (not the President, who merely summons it). In the absence of the Speaker, the Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha presides, and in their absence, the Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha. The Vice President presides over the Rajya Sabha in its normal sessions. The President does not preside. Speaker of Lok Sabha presides over the joint sitting.'\n },\n {\n id:92,\n stem:'Recently, a massive coral bleaching has been reported in the \\'Great Barrier Reef\\'. It is located near the coast of:',\n correct:'Queensland',\n options:['Queensland','Maldives','Hawaii','Andaman'],\n exp:'The Great Barrier Reef is the world\\'s largest coral reef system, stretching over 2,300 km along the northeast coast of QUEENSLAND, Australia. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and supports extraordinary marine biodiversity. The severe bleaching events of 2016 and 2017 (and subsequently 2020, 2022) were attributed to elevated sea surface temperatures from climate change. Bleaching occurs when water temperatures rise and corals expel their symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae), turning white and becoming vulnerable to death. The Maldives, Hawaii, and Andamans have their own reefs but the Great Barrier Reef is definitively off Queensland.'\n },\n {\n id:93,\n stem:'Who is the first Law Officer of the Government of India?',\n correct:'Attorney General of India',\n options:['Chief Justice of India','Attorney General of India','Law Secretary','Union Law Minister'],\n exp:'The Attorney General of India is the first (highest) Law Officer of the Government of India, appointed under Article 76 of the Constitution by the President on the advice of the Council of Ministers. The AG appears on behalf of the Union of India in the Supreme Court, gives legal advice to the Government, and performs other legal duties. The AG must be qualified to be a Supreme Court judge. The Solicitor General is the second law officer. The Chief Justice is head of the judiciary, not the government\\'s legal officer. The Law Minister is an executive\/political role, not a law officer position.'\n },\n {\n id:94,\n stem:'Scientists have developed a computational method called \\'Target Finder\\' which can predict where non-coding DNA interacts with genes. Which of the following is a likely advantage of this?',\n correct:'Finding new drug targets to treat some genetic diseases',\n options:['Artificial induction of beneficial mutations to develop high-yielding varieties','Finding new drug targets to treat some genetic diseases','Rapid cloning of domesticated animals','All of these'],\n exp:'Non-coding DNA (enhancers, promoters, regulatory elements) controls when, where, and how much genes are expressed. Understanding which non-coding regions interact with which genes helps identify regulatory variants that cause diseases (e.g., non-coding mutations in cancer, developmental disorders). The \"Target Finder\" tool allows identification of novel drug targets by revealing regulatory circuits driving disease gene expression \u2014 directly leading to new therapeutic strategies. It does not directly induce mutations (answer a) or enable animal cloning (answer c). The specific and most direct advantage in the context of genetic disease is identifying new drug targets (answer b).'\n },\n {\n id:95,\n stem:'Consider the following:\\n1. Gold\\n2. Platinum\\n3. Silver\\n\\nWhich of the above is\/are found in e-waste?',\n correct:'1, 2 and 3',\n options:['1 and 2 only','3 only','1, 2 and 3','None'],\n exp:'Electronic waste (e-waste) from computers, smartphones, and circuit boards contains significant quantities of precious metals: Gold \u2014 used in circuit board contacts, connectors, and CPU pins for corrosion resistance and conductivity. Silver \u2014 used in solder, contacts, and switches. Platinum and palladium \u2014 used in hard drives and certain electronic components. E-waste is sometimes called \"urban mining\" because it contains higher concentrations of gold per tonne than gold ore. All three \u2014 gold, platinum, and silver \u2014 are present in e-waste and are economically recoverable.'\n },\n {\n id:96,\n stem:'\"Boil a small quantity of khoya with some water, cool and add a few drops of iodine solution and see the formation of blue colour.\" This is the test to find the presence of which of the following?',\n correct:'Starch',\n options:['Fructose','Gram flour','Starch','Urea'],\n exp:'The iodine test for starch: iodine solution (I\u2082\/KI) reacts with the helical structure of amylose in starch to form a characteristic DEEP BLUE-BLACK complex. This is the standard adulteration test for khoya (mawa, a dairy product made by reducing milk). Starch is a common adulterant added to increase bulk. Blue colour on iodine = starch adulteration confirmed. Fructose does not give blue with iodine. Gram flour would not specifically give this reaction in isolation. Urea adulteration in milk is detected by urease + bromothymol blue indicator. The blue colour on iodine is specific for starch.'\n },\n {\n id:97,\n stem:'Which of the following CANNOT be used as a biofertilizer in rice cultivation?',\n correct:'Rhizobium',\n options:['Azolla','Azospirillum','Blue-green algae','Rhizobium'],\n exp:'Biofertilizers in rice cultivation: Azolla (water fern) \u2014 harbours nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena azollae; used as green manure in rice paddies. Azospirillum \u2014 free-living N-fixing bacterium that colonises roots of non-leguminous plants including rice. Blue-green algae (cyanobacteria, e.g., Anabaena, Nostoc) \u2014 free-living N-fixers used in paddy fields. Rhizobium \u2014 forms root nodules and fixes nitrogen ONLY in LEGUMINOUS plants (pulses, groundnut, soybean) via symbiotic root nodule formation. Rice is NOT a legume and cannot form root nodules. Rhizobium CANNOT be used as a biofertilizer in rice cultivation.'\n },\n {\n id:98,\n stem:'Groundwater in many areas in West Bengal has been contaminated, leading to a large number of cases of poisoning. What is the substance responsible?',\n correct:'Arsenic',\n options:['Arsenic','Cyanide','Polonium','Lead'],\n exp:'Arsenic contamination of groundwater in West Bengal (and Bangladesh) is one of the largest mass poisonings in history, affecting tens of millions of people. Naturally occurring inorganic arsenic (from geological sources in the Gangetic alluvial plain) leaches into shallow tubewells and hand-pumps, causing arsenicosis \u2014 characterised by: skin lesions (keratosis, hyperpigmentation, depigmentation \"rain-drop pigmentation\"), peripheral neuropathy, and increased risk of lung, bladder, and skin cancers with chronic exposure. The Bengal delta aquifer arsenic problem was identified in the 1980s. Arsenic is the specific contaminant responsible.'\n },\n {\n id:99,\n stem:'For acquiring ethanol for blending with petrol, the oil companies in India depend on:',\n correct:'Sugar mills',\n options:['Cosmetic industry','Food processing plants','Fertilizer factories','Sugar mills'],\n exp:'India\\'s Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) programme depends on SUGAR MILLS as the primary source of ethanol for blending. Sugar mills produce molasses as a by-product of sugar manufacturing; molasses is fermented to produce ethanol (C-heavy molasses, B-heavy molasses, sugarcane juice). This provides a dual benefit: reduces crude oil import dependency and provides additional revenue to sugar mills. The National Biofuel Policy mandates progressively increasing ethanol blending targets (reaching 20% by 2025). Sugar mills supply ~95%+ of the ethanol used in the EBP programme.'\n },\n {\n id:100,\n stem:'Targeted Delivery of Financial and Other Subsidies, Benefits and Services Act, 2016 aims to:\\n1. Strengthen the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana\\n2. Provide funds for the relief of farmers\\n\\nWhich of the statements given above is\/are correct?',\n correct:'Neither 1 nor 2',\n options:['1 only','2 only','Both 1 and 2','Neither 1 nor 2'],\n exp:'The Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial and Other Subsidies, Benefits and Services) Act, 2016 provides a legal framework for the Aadhaar biometric identification system. Its primary objective is to ensure targeted, efficient, and transparent delivery of subsidies, benefits, and services to residents of India using the Aadhaar unique identity number, thereby reducing leakages and duplication. Statement 1 (PMJDY strengthening) and Statement 2 (farmer relief funds) are NOT stated objectives of the Aadhaar Act, 2016. The Act is about identity verification for subsidy targeting \u2014 neither statement correctly describes its aims.'\n },\n {\n id:101,\n stem:'The Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana aims to promote:',\n correct:'Financial inclusion',\n options:['Financial inclusion','Collateral security in housing for rural and urban poor','Cashless financial transactions','Financial literacy'],\n exp:'Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY), launched on 28 August 2014, is India\\'s National Mission for FINANCIAL INCLUSION. Its objective is to ensure access to financial services \u2014 savings accounts, remittances, credit, insurance, and pension \u2014 for every household, particularly those excluded from the formal banking system. Core features: zero-balance bank accounts, RuPay debit card, overdraft facility (up to \u20b910,000), and accidental insurance cover. It is not specifically about housing (PMAY), cashless transactions (Digital India), or financial literacy (separate programmes). PMJDY = financial inclusion.'\n },\n {\n id:102,\n stem:'The objective of the \"Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana\" is to promote:',\n correct:'Organic farming',\n options:['Conservation of groundwater','Cultivation of wild varieties of cereal crops','Dryland farming','Organic farming'],\n exp:'Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY), launched in 2015 under the National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA), aims to promote ORGANIC FARMING in India. It encourages cluster-based organic farming, converting conventional farmland to certified organic production, and marketing organic produce. \"Paramparagat\" means traditional\/ancestral \u2014 the scheme revives traditional Indian farming practices while also promoting scientific organic methods. It provides financial assistance for input procurement, certification (PGS-India), and market linkage. Not groundwater conservation (MGNREGS\/watershed), not wild varieties, not dryland farming specifically.'\n },\n {\n id:103,\n stem:'Which among the following is a very water-intensive crop?',\n correct:'Sugarcane',\n options:['Grapes','Finger millet','Sugarcane','Wheat'],\n exp:'Water footprint per tonne of crop: Finger millet (ragi) ~1,800 L\/tonne (relatively drought-tolerant), Wheat ~1,800 L\/tonne, Grapes ~600 L\/tonne, Sugarcane ~1,500\u20132,000 L\/tonne but with FAR higher production volumes (India produces ~350 million tonnes\/year). Sugarcane is one of the most water-intensive crops overall \u2014 it requires standing water\/irrigation throughout its long growing cycle (12\u201318 months). In terms of per-hectare water consumption, sugarcane consumes 1,500\u20132,500 mm of water per season, making it the most water-intensive major crop in India. This is why its cultivation in water-scarce Maharashtra has been environmentally controversial.'\n },\n {\n id:104,\n stem:'Which of the following does nanoscience have applications in?\\n1. Drug delivery\\n2. Electronics\\n3. Food processing\\n4. Water purification\\n\\nSelect the correct answer:',\n correct:'1, 2, 3 and 4',\n options:['1 and 2 only','1 and 3 only','2, 3 and 4 only','1, 2, 3 and 4'],\n exp:'Nanoscience and nanotechnology have broad applications across all four domains: (1) Drug delivery \u2014 nanoparticles, liposomes, and dendrimers enable targeted, controlled-release drug delivery with improved bioavailability and reduced side effects. (2) Electronics \u2014 nanoscale transistors, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, and nanowires are fundamental to next-generation computing and display technologies. (3) Food processing \u2014 nanoencapsulation of flavours\/nutrients, antimicrobial nanomaterials for food packaging, and nanosensors for food quality monitoring. (4) Water purification \u2014 nano-filtration membranes, nano-sorbents (TiO\u2082 photocatalysis), and silver nanoparticle antimicrobial filters. All four are well-established application areas.'\n },\n {\n id:105,\n stem:'Which of the following is\/are the exclusive powers of the Lok Sabha compared to the Rajya Sabha?\\n1. Introducing money bills\\n2. Passing a motion of no-confidence against the Council of Ministers\\n\\nSelect the correct answer:',\n correct:'Both 1 and 2',\n options:['1 only','2 only','Both 1 and 2','Neither 1 nor 2'],\n exp:'Exclusive powers of Lok Sabha (lower house): (1) Money Bills (Article 110) can ONLY be introduced in Lok Sabha \u2014 Rajya Sabha can only suggest amendments which Lok Sabha may accept or reject; the Rajya Sabha cannot initiate or amend money bills. (2) No-confidence motion against the Council of Ministers \u2014 only Lok Sabha can pass such a motion (the executive is accountable to Lok Sabha, not Rajya Sabha). If a no-confidence motion passes in Lok Sabha, the government must resign. Both powers are exclusive to Lok Sabha. Rajya Sabha has its own special powers (Article 249, 312) but these two belong exclusively to Lok Sabha.'\n },\n {\n id:106,\n stem:'Who among the following does NOT participate in the election of the President of India?',\n correct:'Elected members of Vidhan Parishads',\n options:['Elected members of Rajya Sabha','Elected members of Vidhan Sabhas','Elected members of Lok Sabha','Elected members of Vidhan Parishads'],\n exp:'Presidential election (Article 54): Electoral College consists of elected members of the Lok Sabha, elected members of the Rajya Sabha, and elected members of the Legislative Assemblies (Vidhan Sabhas) of all States and Union Territories with legislatures. Vidhan Parishads (Legislative Councils \u2014 upper houses of state legislatures, existing in only 6 states) do NOT participate in the Presidential election. Nominated members of any house also do not participate. Members of Vidhan Parishads are the correct answer \u2014 they are excluded from the Presidential electoral college.'\n },\n {\n id:107,\n stem:'There is a popular opposition to the use of \"plastic microbeads\". In the manufacture of which of the following are they used?',\n correct:'Cosmetics',\n options:['Cosmetics','Electronics','Wooden furniture','Synthetic textiles'],\n exp:'Plastic microbeads are tiny (< 5 mm) manufactured solid plastic particles (polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene) used as exfoliants and abrasives in COSMETIC and personal care products \u2014 face scrubs, body washes, toothpaste, and exfoliating cleansers. They wash down drains, pass through water treatment plants, and accumulate in aquatic ecosystems where they are ingested by fish and marine organisms, entering the food chain. Several countries (USA, UK, Canada, India) have banned microbeads in cosmetic products. The opposition is specifically about their presence in cosmetics (rinse-off personal care products).'\n },\n {\n id:108,\n stem:'Consider the following statements:\\n1. In certain parts of India, the cultivation of opium is legally allowed.\\n2. Opium gum is mixed with cluster bean gum in fracking technology used in shale gas extraction.\\n\\nWhich of the statements given above is\/are correct?',\n correct:'1 only',\n options:['1 only','2 only','Both 1 and 2','Neither 1 nor 2'],\n exp:'Statement 1 is CORRECT: In India, the cultivation of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) is legally permitted in specific districts of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh under strict government licensing by the Narcotics Commissioner. The raw opium is procured by the Government Opium and Alkaloid Works for pharmaceutical morphine\/codeine production. Statement 2 is FALSE: Fracking (hydraulic fracturing) uses water, sand, and chemical additives (guar gum from cluster beans is indeed used as a thickener\/proppant carrier) \u2014 but opium gum is NOT used in fracking. Guar gum and opium gum are entirely different substances. Only statement 1 is correct.'\n },\n {\n id:109,\n stem:'There is a worldwide protest against the use of hydrofluorocarbons. In which of the following household things are they used?',\n correct:'Air-conditioning machines',\n options:['Air-conditioning machines','Cooking gas cylinders','Gas geysers','Microwave ovens'],\n exp:'Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are synthetic fluorinated greenhouse gases used primarily as refrigerants in AIR-CONDITIONING (room ACs, car ACs) and refrigerators, replacing the ozone-depleting CFCs phased out under the Montreal Protocol. While HFCs do not deplete the ozone layer, they have very high global warming potentials (GWPs of 1,000\u201310,000\u00d7 CO\u2082). The Kigali Amendment (2016) to the Montreal Protocol targets phasing down HFCs and replacing them with lower-GWP alternatives (HFOs, CO\u2082, ammonia). Cooking gas = LPG (propane\/butane). Gas geysers use natural gas. Microwave ovens use magnetron tubes. HFCs = refrigerants in AC\/refrigeration.'\n },\n {\n id:110,\n stem:'What is\/are the objectives of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety?\\n1. Establishing or promoting in-situ conservation facilities for rare and endangered organisms\\n2. Maintaining the worldwide network of gene banks for all known flora and fauna\\n\\nSelect the correct answer:',\n correct:'Neither 1 nor 2',\n options:['1 only','2 only','Both 1 and 2','Neither 1 nor 2'],\n exp:'The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (2000, under CBD) specifically addresses the SAFE TRANSFER, HANDLING, and USE of Living Modified Organisms (LMOs) \u2014 genetically modified organisms \u2014 that may have adverse effects on biodiversity or human health, with particular focus on transboundary movement of LMOs. Its objective is to protect biodiversity from risks posed by biotechnology products. Statement 1 (in-situ conservation) relates to CBD Article 8, not specifically the Cartagena Protocol. Statement 2 (gene banks\/ex-situ conservation) relates to the Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol and the International Treaty on PGRFA. Neither statement correctly describes the Cartagena Protocol. Answer: neither 1 nor 2.'\n },\n {\n id:111,\n stem:'Consider the following animals:\\n1. Sloth bear\\n2. Jaguar\\n3. Hoolock gibbon\\n\\nWhich of the above is\/are found in India in their natural habitat?',\n correct:'1 and 3 only',\n options:['1 only','2 and 3 only','1 and 3 only','1, 2 and 3'],\n exp:'Sloth bear (Melursus ursinus) \u2014 endemic to the Indian subcontinent; found across India, Sri Lanka, and Nepal. Protected under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act. Jaguar (Panthera onca) \u2014 found ONLY in the Americas (Mexico to South America); it does NOT occur in India. India has the leopard (Panthera pardus) and tiger (Panthera tigris), but not the jaguar. Hoolock gibbon (Hoolock hoolock) \u2014 the only ape native to India; found in Northeast India (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya) east of the Brahmaputra river. Found in India: sloth bear (1) and hoolock gibbon (3). Jaguar (2) is not found in India.'\n },\n {\n id:112,\n stem:'Consider the following statements:\\n1. Biodiversity is normally greater in the lower latitudes compared to higher latitudes.\\n2. Along the mountain gradient, biodiversity is normally greater in the lower altitudes compared to higher altitudes.\\n\\nWhich of the statements given above is\/are correct?',\n correct:'Both 1 and 2',\n options:['1 only','2 only','Both 1 and 2','Neither 1 nor 2'],\n exp:'Both statements reflect established ecological gradients. (1) The latitudinal diversity gradient: species richness is highest near the equator (tropics) and decreases progressively towards the poles \u2014 driven by greater solar energy, climate stability, longer evolutionary history, and higher primary productivity in tropical regions. (2) The altitudinal diversity gradient mirrors the latitudinal gradient \u2014 lower altitudes support greater biodiversity due to warmer temperatures, more resources, greater habitat complexity, and longer growing seasons compared to cold, resource-limited alpine\/subalpine zones. Both are well-supported biogeographic patterns. Both statements are correct.'\n },\n {\n id:113,\n stem:'Aflatoxins are formed by:',\n correct:'Aspergillus flavus',\n options:['Aspergillus flavus','Candida albicans','Cryptococcus neoformans','Coccidioides schenckii'],\n exp:'Aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, G2) are highly toxic, carcinogenic mycotoxins produced by ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS and Aspergillus parasiticus \u2014 moulds that contaminate improperly stored agricultural commodities (groundnuts, maize, sorghum, spices, dried fruits) in warm, humid conditions. Aflatoxin B1 is the most potent natural hepatocarcinogen known. Chronic exposure causes liver cancer; acute high-dose exposure causes aflatoxicosis (acute hepatic failure). Candida albicans is an opportunistic yeast causing candidiasis. Cryptococcus neoformans causes cryptococcal meningitis. Coccidioides is a dimorphic fungus causing valley fever. Aflatoxin = Aspergillus flavus.'\n },\n {\n id:114,\n stem:'Consider the following districts:\\n1. Munnar\\n2. Mandi\\n3. Krishna\\n\\nWhich of the above districts is\/are well known for tea plantations?',\n correct:'1 only',\n options:['3 only','2 and 3 only','1 and 2 only','1 only'],\n exp:'Tea cultivation in India requires specific agroclimatic conditions \u2014 high rainfall, cool temperatures, hilly terrain. Munnar (1) in Idukki district, Kerala \u2014 a premier high-altitude tea growing region (800\u20132000 m), producing Munnar tea; one of the most scenic tea landscapes in India. Mandi (2) is a district in Himachal Pradesh known for horticulture (apples) and hydro power, not tea. Krishna (3) is a district in Andhra Pradesh \u2014 a coastal\/delta district known for agriculture (paddy, sugarcane) and Krishna river, not tea. Only Munnar (1) is well known for tea plantations among these three options.'\n },\n {\n id:115,\n stem:'\\'Fly ash\\' is emitted from:',\n correct:'Thermal power plants',\n options:['Brick kilns','Motor vehicles','Sewage treatment plants','Thermal power plants'],\n exp:'Fly ash is a fine particulate residue produced from the combustion of pulverised COAL in THERMAL POWER PLANTS. When coal burns, the non-combustible mineral matter is converted into ash \u2014 the heavier bottom ash settles at the base of the furnace, while the lighter fly ash is carried up the flue gas stream and collected by electrostatic precipitators or bag filters. India generates over 200 million tonnes of fly ash annually from coal-based power plants. It is used in cement manufacturing, road construction, and brick making. Brick kilns produce smoke\/soot. Motor vehicles produce exhaust particulates. Fly ash is specifically from coal combustion in thermal plants.'\n },\n {\n id:116,\n stem:'Calcium carbide is used:',\n correct:'For fruit ripening',\n options:['As rodent killer','As insecticide','For fruit ripening','For lowering soil salinity'],\n exp:'Calcium carbide (CaC\u2082) reacts with atmospheric moisture to produce acetylene gas (C\u2082H\u2082), which mimics the action of the natural plant hormone ethylene and ARTIFICIALLY RIPENS fruits. It is widely used (illegally in many countries including India under FSSAI regulations) to ripen mangoes, bananas, and papayas artificially \u2014 making fruits ripen within 12\u201324 hours. However, it is hazardous because commercial-grade calcium carbide contains traces of arsenic and phosphorus (from phosphine gas production) which are toxic. FSSAI has banned its use; ethylene gas or Ethrel (ethephon) are the permitted alternatives. Calcium carbide = artificial fruit ripening agent.'\n },\n {\n id:117,\n stem:'With reference to food additives, consider the following statements:\\n1. Benzoic acid and sorbic acid function as antimicrobial agents.\\n2. Citric acid is used to suppress browning of fruits and vegetables.\\n\\nWhich of the statements given above is\/are correct?',\n correct:'Both 1 and 2',\n options:['1 only','2 only','Both 1 and 2','Neither 1 nor 2'],\n exp:'Both statements are correct. (1) Benzoic acid (and sodium benzoate) and sorbic acid (and potassium sorbate) are well-established antimicrobial food preservatives \u2014 they inhibit the growth of moulds, yeasts, and bacteria by disrupting cell membrane function and inhibiting enzyme activity. Benzoic acid is used in soft drinks, jams, and pickles; sorbic acid in cheese, baked goods, and wine. (2) Citric acid is used as an ANTI-BROWNING agent in cut fruits and vegetables \u2014 it reduces pH (creating unfavourable conditions for polyphenol oxidase) and chelates the copper cofactor of the enzyme, thus suppressing enzymatic browning. Both statements are factually correct.'\n },\n {\n id:118,\n stem:'With reference to the use of microorganisms in food processing, consider the following statements:\\n1. Lactic acid bacteria can ferment any monosaccharide or polysaccharide into lactic acid.\\n2. Baker\\'s yeast is manufactured from single cell isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.\\n\\nWhich of the statements given above is\/are correct?',\n correct:'2 only',\n options:['1 only','2 only','Both 1 and 2','Neither 1 nor 2'],\n exp:'Statement 1 is FALSE: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB, e.g., Lactobacillus, Streptococcus thermophilus) ferment MONOSACCHARIDES (glucose, galactose, fructose) and some disaccharides (lactose, sucrose) into lactic acid. They CANNOT ferment complex polysaccharides (starch, cellulose) directly \u2014 these require prior saccharification (breakdown to simple sugars) by amylases before LAB fermentation can occur. Statement 2 is CORRECT: Baker\\'s yeast is produced commercially by selecting and culturing single-cell isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under aerobic, fed-batch fermentation conditions on molasses medium to produce biomass (not alcohol). Only statement 2 is correct.'\n },\n {\n id:119,\n stem:'Which of the following chemicals is\/are used in food preservation?\\n1. Calcium propionate\\n2. Potassium metabisulphite\\n3. Lecithin\\n\\nSelect the correct answer:',\n correct:'1 and 2 only',\n options:['1 and 2 only','3 only','1, 2 and 3','None of them is used in food preservation'],\n exp:'(1) Calcium propionate \u2014 used as an antimould preservative in bread, baked goods, and processed cheese; inhibits mould and some bacterial growth. (2) Potassium metabisulphite (K\u2082S\u2082O\u2085) \u2014 releases SO\u2082 on contact with moisture; used as an antimicrobial and antioxidant preservative in wines, dried fruits, and fruit juices. Both are recognised food preservatives. (3) Lecithin \u2014 is an EMULSIFIER (phospholipid from soy or eggs), not a food preservative. It stabilises oil-water emulsions in chocolate, mayonnaise, and margarine. Lecithin has no antimicrobial or antioxidant preservative function. Only 1 and 2 are food preservatives; lecithin is not.'\n },\n {\n id:120,\n stem:'What is \\'M-cessation\\', sometimes seen in news?',\n correct:'An initiative to help tobacco users to quit tobacco',\n options:['An initiative to help tobacco users to quit tobacco','A mobile phone service that delivers audio messages on pregnancy, child birth and child care','An app to learn all the methods of cashless financial transactions','A government initiative to eradicate the availability of narcotics to the general public'],\n exp:'M-Cessation is a mobile-based tobacco cessation programme launched by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, in partnership with WHO India and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). It is an mHealth initiative that provides personalised, structured quit-tobacco support through text messages \u2014 helping smokers and smokeless tobacco users quit through regular motivational messages, coping tips, and information about craving management. Registered users receive tailored messages over an 8-week programme. It is specifically designed to help tobacco users QUIT TOBACCO through mobile technology.'\n }\n ];\n\n function shuffle(arr){const a=[...arr];for(let i=a.length-1;i>0;i--){const j=Math.floor(Math.random()*(i+1));[a[i],a[j]]=[a[j],a[i]];}return a;}\n const LETTERS=['A','B','C','D'];\n let userAnswers={},answered=0,shuffledOpts={};\n let timerRunning=false,timerRemaining=TIMER_SECS,timerInterval=null,graceInterval=null;\n let quizSubmitted=false;\n\n function fmtTime(s){const m=Math.floor(s\/60),sec=s%60;return String(m).padStart(2,'0')+':'+String(sec).padStart(2,'0');}\n function startTimer(){\n if(timerRunning||quizSubmitted)return;timerRunning=true;\n const btn=document.getElementById(NS+'-timer-btn');\n btn.textContent='\u23f1 '+fmtTime(timerRemaining);btn.classList.add('running');\n document.getElementById(NS+'-timer-item').classList.add('active');\n timerInterval=setInterval(function(){\n timerRemaining--;const disp=fmtTime(timerRemaining);\n document.getElementById(NS+'-timer-display').textContent=disp;btn.textContent='\u23f1 '+disp;\n if(timerRemaining<=300)document.getElementById(NS+'-timer-item').classList.add('warning');\n if(timerRemaining<=0){clearInterval(timerInterval);timerInterval=null;triggerGrace();}\n },1000);\n }\n function stopTimer(){if(timerInterval){clearInterval(timerInterval);timerInterval=null;}timerRunning=false;}\n function triggerGrace(){\n if(quizSubmitted)return;let g=GRACE_SECS;\n document.getElementById(NS+'-grace-count').textContent=g;\n document.getElementById(NS+'-grace').classList.add('show');\n graceInterval=setInterval(function(){g--;document.getElementById(NS+'-grace-count').textContent=g;if(g<=0){clearInterval(graceInterval);dismissGrace();showScore();}},1000);\n }\n function dismissGrace(){document.getElementById(NS+'-grace').classList.remove('show');if(graceInterval){clearInterval(graceInterval);graceInterval=null;}}\n function build(){\n const container=document.getElementById(NS+'-questions');\n container.innerHTML='';userAnswers={};answered=0;shuffledOpts={};\n quizSubmitted=false;timerRunning=false;timerRemaining=TIMER_SECS;\n stopTimer();if(graceInterval){clearInterval(graceInterval);graceInterval=null;}dismissGrace();\n document.getElementById(NS+'-score').style.display='none';\n document.getElementById(NS+'-timer-item').classList.remove('active','warning');\n const btn=document.getElementById(NS+'-timer-btn');\n btn.textContent='\u23f1 Start Timed Mode';btn.classList.remove('running');\n document.getElementById(NS+'-timer-display').textContent=fmtTime(TIMER_SECS);\n updateStats();\n QUESTIONS.forEach(function(q){\n const opts=shuffle(q.options);shuffledOpts[q.id]=opts;\n const card=document.createElement('div');card.className='cq-card';\n card.innerHTML='<div class=\"cq-qhead\"><div class=\"cq-qnum\" id=\"'+NS+'-n'+q.id+'\">'+q.id+'<\/div><div class=\"cq-qtext\">'+q.stem.replace(\/\\n\/g,'<br>')+'<\/div><\/div><div class=\"cq-options\" id=\"'+NS+'-opts'+q.id+'\">'+opts.map(function(o,i){return '<div class=\"cq-opt\" id=\"'+NS+'-o'+q.id+'-'+i+'\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\"><span class=\"cq-opt-letter\">'+LETTERS[i]+'<\/span><span class=\"cq-opt-text\">'+o+'<\/span><\/div>';}).join('')+'<\/div><div class=\"cq-explanation\" id=\"'+NS+'-exp'+q.id+'\"><div class=\"cq-exp-label\">Explanation<\/div>'+q.exp+'<\/div>';\n container.appendChild(card);\n opts.forEach(function(_,i){document.getElementById(NS+'-o'+q.id+'-'+i).addEventListener('click',function(){pick(q.id,i);});});\n });\n }\n function pick(qid,oi){\n if(userAnswers[qid]!==undefined||quizSubmitted)return;\n const q=QUESTIONS.find(function(x){return x.id===qid;});\n const opts=shuffledOpts[qid];const correct=opts[oi]===q.correct;\n userAnswers[qid]=correct?'correct':'wrong';answered++;\n opts.forEach(function(o,i){const el=document.getElementById(NS+'-o'+qid+'-'+i);if(o===q.correct)el.classList.add('cq-correct','cq-locked');else if(i===oi)el.classList.add('cq-wrong','cq-locked');else el.classList.add('cq-dimmed','cq-locked');});\n document.getElementById(NS+'-n'+qid).classList.add(correct?'ans-c':'ans-w');\n document.getElementById(NS+'-exp'+qid).style.display='block';\n updateStats();\n }\n function updateStats(){\n const c=Object.values(userAnswers).filter(function(v){return v==='correct';}).length;\n const w=Object.values(userAnswers).filter(function(v){return v==='wrong';}).length;\n const net=(c*4)-w;\n document.getElementById(NS+'-sc').textContent=c;document.getElementById(NS+'-sw').textContent=w;\n document.getElementById(NS+'-sr').textContent=TOTAL-answered;\n document.getElementById(NS+'-sn').textContent=net>=0?'+'+net:net;\n document.getElementById(NS+'-sm').textContent=MAX;\n document.getElementById(NS+'-fill').style.width=(answered\/TOTAL*100)+'%';\n }\n function showScore(){\n if(quizSubmitted)return;quizSubmitted=true;stopTimer();\n document.getElementById(NS+'-timer-btn').textContent='\u23f1 Submitted';document.getElementById(NS+'-timer-btn').classList.remove('running');\n const c=Object.values(userAnswers).filter(function(v){return v==='correct';}).length;\n const w=Object.values(userAnswers).filter(function(v){return v==='wrong';}).length;\n const s=TOTAL-answered,net=(c*4)-w;\n const pct=Math.max(0,Math.round((net\/MAX)*100));const disp=Math.min(100,Math.max(0,pct));\n document.getElementById(NS+'-ring').style.background='conic-gradient(var(--teal) '+disp+'%,var(--line) 0%)';\n document.getElementById(NS+'-ring-pct').textContent=pct+'%';\n document.getElementById(NS+'-net-line').textContent='Net Score: '+net+' \/ '+MAX;\n const v=pct>=80?'Excellent \u2014 well above the qualifying threshold.':pct>=60?'Good attempt \u2014 consolidate the weaker areas.':pct>=40?'Fair \u2014 systematic revision of these topics is recommended.':'Needs significant revision across these topics.';\n document.getElementById(NS+'-verdict').textContent=v;\n document.getElementById(NS+'-ct-c').textContent='\u2705 '+c+' Correct';document.getElementById(NS+'-ct-w').textContent='\u274c '+w+' Wrong';document.getElementById(NS+'-ct-s').textContent='\u23ed '+s+' Skipped';\n const sc=document.getElementById(NS+'-score');sc.style.display='block';sc.scrollIntoView({behavior:'smooth',block:'center'});\n }\n function init(){\n document.getElementById(NS+'-grace-now').addEventListener('click',function(){dismissGrace();showScore();});\n document.getElementById(NS+'-timer-btn').addEventListener('click',function(){if(!timerRunning&&!quizSubmitted)startTimer();});\n document.getElementById(NS+'-submit').addEventListener('click',showScore);\n document.getElementById(NS+'-retry').addEventListener('click',function(){build();window.scrollTo({top:0,behavior:'smooth'});});\n new IntersectionObserver(function(entries){document.getElementById(NS+'-statusbar').classList.toggle('visible',!entries[0].isIntersecting);},{threshold:0}).observe(document.getElementById(NS+'-sentinel'));\n build();updateStats();\n }\n if(document.readyState==='loading'){document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',init);}else{init();}\n})();\n<\/script>\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CMS 2017 Paper I \u2013 Part C (Q81\u2013Q120) \u23f1 40:00 \u2705 0 \u274c 0 \u23f3 40 left Net 0 \/ 160 Time's Up! Submitting in 10 Submit Now Combined Medical Services Examination 2017Paper I \u00b7 Part C Paediatrics \u00b7 General Studies \u00b7 Environment \u00b7 Food Science \u00b7 Polity Questions 81 \u2013 120 Options reshuffled \u23f1 Start Timed Mode Submit Answers 0% score Your… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36773","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cms"],"yoast_head":"\n<title>CMS 2017 P1 Part-C - atsixty<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/05\/07\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"CMS 2017 P1 Part-C - atsixty\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"CMS 2017 Paper I \u2013 Part C (Q81\u2013Q120) \u23f1 40:00 \u2705 0 \u274c 0 \u23f3 40 left Net 0 \/ 160 Time's Up! Submitting in 10 Submit Now Combined Medical Services Examination 2017Paper I \u00b7 Part C Paediatrics \u00b7 General Studies \u00b7 Environment \u00b7 Food Science \u00b7 Polity Questions 81 \u2013 120 Options reshuffled \u23f1 Start Timed Mode Submit Answers 0% score Your… \" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/05\/07\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"atsixty\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-05-06T23:23:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-05-06T23:23:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Avi\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Avi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/index.php\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/07\\\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/index.php\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/07\\\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Avi\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/cf65e7ac7d8226d95c0bdf1036f7951d\"},\"headline\":\"CMS 2017 P1 Part-C\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-05-06T23:23:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-05-06T23:23:53+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/index.php\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/07\\\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":57,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/cf65e7ac7d8226d95c0bdf1036f7951d\"},\"articleSection\":[\"CMS\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/index.php\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/07\\\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/index.php\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/07\\\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/index.php\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/07\\\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\\\/\",\"name\":\"CMS 2017 P1 Part-C - atsixty\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-05-06T23:23:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-05-06T23:23:53+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/index.php\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/07\\\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/index.php\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/07\\\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/index.php\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/07\\\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"CMS 2017 P1 Part-C\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"At Sixty\",\"description\":\"The Option Taken\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/cf65e7ac7d8226d95c0bdf1036f7951d\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":[\"Person\",\"Organization\"],\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/cf65e7ac7d8226d95c0bdf1036f7951d\",\"name\":\"Avi\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/logo-agency.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/logo-agency.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/logo-agency.png\",\"width\":200,\"height\":200,\"caption\":\"Avi\"},\"logo\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/logo-agency.png\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atsixty.com\\\/index.php\\\/author\\\/avinaux\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n","yoast_head_json":{"title":"CMS 2017 P1 Part-C - atsixty","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/05\/07\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"CMS 2017 P1 Part-C - atsixty","og_description":"CMS 2017 Paper I \u2013 Part C (Q81\u2013Q120) \u23f1 40:00 \u2705 0 \u274c 0 \u23f3 40 left Net 0 \/ 160 Time's Up! Submitting in 10 Submit Now Combined Medical Services Examination 2017Paper I \u00b7 Part C Paediatrics \u00b7 General Studies \u00b7 Environment \u00b7 Food Science \u00b7 Polity Questions 81 \u2013 120 Options reshuffled \u23f1 Start Timed Mode Submit Answers 0% score Your… ","og_url":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/05\/07\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\/","og_site_name":"atsixty","article_published_time":"2026-05-06T23:23:24+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-05-06T23:23:53+00:00","author":"Avi","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Avi","Est. reading time":"1 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/05\/07\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/05\/07\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\/"},"author":{"name":"Avi","@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/#\/schema\/person\/cf65e7ac7d8226d95c0bdf1036f7951d"},"headline":"CMS 2017 P1 Part-C","datePublished":"2026-05-06T23:23:24+00:00","dateModified":"2026-05-06T23:23:53+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/05\/07\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\/"},"wordCount":57,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/#\/schema\/person\/cf65e7ac7d8226d95c0bdf1036f7951d"},"articleSection":["CMS"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/05\/07\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/05\/07\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\/","url":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/05\/07\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\/","name":"CMS 2017 P1 Part-C - atsixty","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/#website"},"datePublished":"2026-05-06T23:23:24+00:00","dateModified":"2026-05-06T23:23:53+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/05\/07\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/05\/07\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/2026\/05\/07\/cms-2017-p1-part-c\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"CMS 2017 P1 Part-C"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/","name":"At Sixty","description":"The Option Taken","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/#\/schema\/person\/cf65e7ac7d8226d95c0bdf1036f7951d"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":["Person","Organization"],"@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/#\/schema\/person\/cf65e7ac7d8226d95c0bdf1036f7951d","name":"Avi","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/logo-agency.png","url":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/logo-agency.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/logo-agency.png","width":200,"height":200,"caption":"Avi"},"logo":{"@id":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/logo-agency.png"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/atsixty.com"],"url":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/author\/avinaux\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36773","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36773"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36773\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":36774,"href":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36773\/revisions\/36774"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36773"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36773"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atsixty.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36773"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}